@article{SillaLedenRaemaeetal.,
  author    = {Silla, Anne and Leden, Lars and R{\"a}m{\"a}, Pirkko and Scholliers, Johan and van Noort, Martijn and Morris, Andrew and Hancox, Graham and Bell, Daniel},
  title     = {A headway to improve PTW rider safety within the EU through three types of ITS},
  series = {European Transport Research Review},
  journal   = {European Transport Research Review},
  pages     = {1 -- 12},
  subject      = {Transport},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SillaLedenRaemaeetal.,
  author    = {Silla, Anne and Leden, Lars and R{\"a}m{\"a}, Pirkko and Scholliers, Johan and van Noort, Martijn and Bell, Daniel},
  title     = {Can cyclist safety be improved with intelligent transport systems?},
  series = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
  journal   = {Accident Analysis \& Prevention},
  number    = {Volume 105},
  abstract  = {Abstract In recent years, Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) have assisted in the decrease of road traffic fatalities, particularly amongst passenger car occupants. Vulnerable Road Users (VRUs) such as pedestrians, cyclists, moped riders and motorcyclists, however, have not been that much in focus when developing ITS. Therefore, there is a clear need for ITS which specifically address VRUs as an integrated element of the traffic system. This paper presents the results of a quantitative safety impact assessment of five systems that were estimated to have high potential to improve the safety of cyclists, namely: Blind Spot Detection (BSD), Bicycle to Vehicle communication (B2V), Intersection safety (INS), Pedestrian and Cyclist Detection System+Emergency Braking (PCDS+EBR) and VRU Beacon System (VBS). An ex-ante assessment method proposed by Kulmala (2010) targeted to assess the effects of ITS for cars was applied and further developed in this study to assess the safety impacts of ITS specifically designed for VRUs. The main results of the assessment showed that all investigated systems affect cyclist safety in a positive way by preventing fatalities and injuries. The estimates considering 2012 accident data and full penetration showed that the highest effects could be obtained by the implementation of PCDS+EBR and B2V, whereas VBS had the lowest effect. The estimated yearly reduction in cyclist fatalities in the EU-28 varied between 77 and 286 per system. A forecast for 2030, taking into accounts the estimated accident trends and penetration rates, showed the highest effects for PCDS+EBR and BSD.},
  subject      = {Safety},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SillaRaemaeLedenetal.,
  author    = {Silla, Anne and R{\"a}m{\"a}, Pirkko and Leden, Lars and van Noort, Martijn and de Kruijff, J. and Bell, Daniel and Morris, A. and Hancox, Graham and Scholliers, J.},
  title     = {Quantifying the effectiveness of ITS in improving safety of VRUs'},
  series = {IET Intelligent Transport Systems},
  journal   = {IET Intelligent Transport Systems},
  pages     = {1 -- 25},
  subject      = {Transport},
  language  = {en}
}