@article{Sauermann,
  author    = {Sauermann, Stefan},
  title     = {Preservation of Individuals' Privacy in Shared COVID-19 Related Data},
  series = {COVID-19 Data sharing in epidemiology, version 0.054.},
  journal   = {COVID-19 Data sharing in epidemiology, version 0.054.},
  editor    = {RDA-COVID19-Epidemiology WG., Research Data Alliance},
  pages     = {13},
  abstract  = {This paper provides insight into how restricted data can be incorporated in an open-be-default-by-design digital infrastructure for scientific data. We focus, in particular, on the ethical component of FAIRER (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Ethical, and Reproducible) data, and the pseudo-anonymization and anonymization of COVID-19 datasets to protect personally identifiable information (PII). First we consider the need for the customisation of the existing privacy preservation techniques in the context of rapid production, integration, sharing and analysis of COVID-19 data. Second, the methods for the pseudo-anonymization of direct identification variables are discussed. We also discuss different pseudo-IDs of the same person for multi-domain and multi-organization. Essentially, pseudo-anonymization and its encrypted domain specific IDs are used to successfully match data later, if required and permitted, as well as to restore the true ID (and authenticity) in individual cases of a patient's clarification.Third, we discuss application of statistical disclosure control (SDC) techniques to COVID-19 disease data. To assess and limit the risk of re-identification of individual persons in COVID-19 datasets (that are often enriched with other covariates like age, gender, nationality, etc.) to acceptable levels, the risk of successful re-identification by a combination of attribute values must be assessed and controlled. This is done using statistical disclosure control for anonymization of data. Lastly, we discuss the limitations of the proposed techniques and provide general guidelines on using disclosure risks to decide on appropriate modes for data sharing to preserve the privacy of the individuals in the datasets.},
  subject      = {COVID19},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UrbauerKmentaFrohneretal.,
  author    = {Urbauer, Philipp and Kmenta, Maximilian and Frohner, Matthias and Mense, Alexander and Sauermann, Stefan},
  title     = {Propose of Standards based IT Architecture to enrich the Value of Allergy Data by Telemonitoring Data},
  series = {Stud Health Technol Inform},
  journal   = {Stud Health Technol Inform},
  number    = {236},
  pages     = {136 -- 143},
  subject      = {IT Standards},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Sauermann,
  author    = {Sauermann, Stefan},
  title     = {COVID-19 Questionnaires, Surveys, and Item-Banks: Overview of Clinical- and Population-Based Instruments},
  series = {SSRN},
  journal   = {SSRN},
  abstract  = {New COVID-19 related instruments are being rapidly developed around the world to collect patient- and population-based information. Heterogeneity between instruments limits comparability of results. The present study provides an overview of instruments and resources. We scoped the content domain on a selection of instruments using the Maelstrom taxonomy. Content of the instruments varied widely, from proximal measures (e.g., clinical symptoms, comorbidities, etc.) to distal measures such as political attitudes. We recommend that researchers reuse existing instruments to the greatest extent possible, and that they make results openly available in machine-readable format to facilitate reuse and maximize comparability of results across studies and countries.},
  subject      = {COVID19},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Sauermann,
  author    = {Sauermann, Stefan},
  title     = {Practical Ideas from Professors: Standards Education in Your Courses},
  series = {IEEE Educators Resource Library},
  journal   = {IEEE Educators Resource Library},
  subject      = {Education},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BijakWinfriedRakosetal.,
  author    = {Bijak, Manfred and Winfried, Mayr and Rakos, Monika and Hofer, Christian and Lanm{\"u}ller, Hermann and Rafolt, Dietmar and Reichel, Martin and Sauermann, Stefan and Schmutterer, Christoph and Unger, Ewald and Russold, Michael and Kern, Helmut},
  title     = {The Vienna functional electrical stimulation system for restoration of walking functions in spastic paraplegia},
  series = {Artificial Organs},
  journal   = {Artificial Organs},
  number    = {26 / 3},
  pages     = {227},
  subject      = {Electrical Stimulation},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{FrohnerUrbauerSauermann,
  author    = {Frohner, Matthias and Urbauer, Philipp and Sauermann, Stefan},
  title     = {Bluetooth Low Energy Peripheral Android Health App for Educational and Interoperability Testing},
  series = {Stud Health Technol Inform},
  journal   = {Stud Health Technol Inform},
  number    = {236},
  pages     = {336 -- 342},
  subject      = {Health Applications},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{Sauermann,
  author    = {Sauermann, Stefan},
  title     = {RDA COVID-19 Working Group. Recommendations and Guidelines on data sharing},
  series = {Research Data Alliance, 2020.},
  journal   = {Research Data Alliance, 2020.},
  abstract  = {The Research Data Alliance (RDA) COVID-19 Working Group members bring various, global expertise to develop a body of work that comprises how data from multiple disciplines inform response to a pandemic combined with guidelines and recommendations on data sharing under the present COVID-19 cicumstances. This extends to research software sharing, in recognition of the key role in software in analysing data. The work has been divided into four research areas (namely, clinical, omics, epidemiology, social sciences) with four cross cutting themes (namely, community participation, indigenous data, legal and ethical considerations, research software), as a way to focus the conversations, and provide an initial set of guidelines in a tight timeframe. The detailed guidelines are aimed to help stakeholders follow best practices to maximise the efficiency of their work, and to act as a blueprint for future emergencies. The recommendations in the document are aimed at helping policymakers and funders to maximise timely, quality data sharing and appropriate responses in such health emergencies. This work was executed in an intense period over just over 6 weeks, with five iterations, all of which were opened for public community comment. Draft releases and comments are avaialable here (https://doi.org/10.15497/rda00046). This activity has been conducted under the RDA guiding principles of Openness, Consensus, Balance, Harmonization, Community-driven, and Non-profit and technology-neutral.},
  subject      = {COVID19 Data Sharing},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UrbauerSauermannFrohneretal.,
  author    = {Urbauer, Philipp and Sauermann, Stefan and Frohner, Matthias and Forjan, Mathias and Pohn, Birgit and Mense, Alexander},
  title     = {Applicability of IHE/Continua components for PHR systems: Learning from experiences},
  series = {Computers in biology and medicine},
  journal   = {Computers in biology and medicine},
  subject      = {PHR},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{PastekaForjanSauermannetal.,
  author    = {Pasteka, Richard and Forjan, Mathias and Sauermann, Stefan and Drauschke, Andreas},
  title     = {Electro-mechanical Lung Simulator Using Polymer and Organic Human Lung Equivalents for Realistic Breathing Simulation},
  series = {Scientific Reports},
  volume    = {Vol 9},
  journal   = {Scientific Reports},
  number    = {No. 1},
  pages     = {Article number: 19778},
  abstract  = {Simulation models in respiratory research are increasingly used for medical product development and testing, especially because in-vivo models are coupled with a high degree of complexity and ethical concerns. This work introduces a respiratory simulation system, which is bridging the gap between the complex, real anatomical environment and the safe, cost-effective simulation methods. The presented electro-mechanical lung simulator, xPULM, combines in-silico, ex-vivo and mechanical respiratory approaches by realistically replicating an actively breathing human lung. The reproducibility of sinusoidal breathing simulations with xPULM was verified for selected breathing frequencies (10-18 bpm) and tidal volumes (400-600 ml) physiologically occurring during human breathing at rest. Human lung anatomy was modelled using latex bags and primed porcine lungs. High reproducibility of flow and pressure characteristics was shown by evaluating breathing cycles (nTotal = 3273) with highest standard deviation |3σ| for both, simplified lung equivalents (μV˙ = 23.98 ± 1.04 l/min, μP = -0.78 ± 0.63 hPa) and primed porcine lungs (μV˙ = 18.87 ± 2.49 l/min, μP = -21.13 ± 1.47 hPa). The adaptability of the breathing simulation parameters, coupled with the use of porcine lungs salvaged from a slaughterhouse process, represents an advancement towards anatomically and physiologically realistic modelling of human respiration.},
  subject      = {Breathing Simulation},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MenseUrbauerSauermannetal.,
  author    = {Mense, Alexander and Urbauer, Philipp and Sauermann, Stefan and Wahl, Harald},
  title     = {Simulation environment for testing security and privacy of mobile health apps},
  series = {Proceedings of the Modeling and Simulation in Medicine Symposium (MSM) 2016},
  journal   = {Proceedings of the Modeling and Simulation in Medicine Symposium (MSM) 2016},
  subject      = {Security},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{UrbauerFrohnerForjanetal.,
  author    = {Urbauer, Philipp and Frohner, Matthias and Forjan, Mathias and Pohn, Birgit and Sauermann, Stefan and Mense, Alexander},
  title     = {A Closer Look on Standards Based Personal Health Device Communication: A R{\´e}sum{\´e} over Four Years Implementing Telemonitoring Solutions},
  series = {European Journal for Biomedical Informatics},
  volume    = {2012},
  journal   = {European Journal for Biomedical Informatics},
  number    = {Vol 8, Issue 3},
  pages     = {65 -- 70},
  subject      = {eHealth},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{MenseSauermannGerbovicsetal.,
  author    = {Mense, Alexander and Sauermann, Stefan and Gerbovics, Ferenc and Frohner, Matthias and Wahl, Harald and Pucher, Robert},
  title     = {Healthy Interoperability: A Standard Based Framework for Integrating Personal Monitoring and Personal Health Device Data into Medical Information Systems},
  series = {The Journal on Information Technology in Healthcare /},
  volume    = {Vol. 7},
  journal   = {The Journal on Information Technology in Healthcare /},
  number    = {4},
  pages     = {214 -- 221},
  subject      = {Healthy Interoperability},
  language  = {en}
}