@article{PalangiTaghizadehAbachietal.,
  author    = {Palangi, Valiollah and Taghizadeh, Akbar and Abachi, Soheila and Lackner, Maximilian},
  title     = {Strategies to Mitigate Enteric Methane Emissions in Ruminants: A Review},
  series = {Sustainability},
  volume    = {Vol. 14},
  journal   = {Sustainability},
  number    = {Issue 20},
  doi       = {10.3390/su142013229},
  abstract  = {Methane is the main greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted by ruminants. Mitigation strategies are required to alleviate this negative environmental impact while maintaining productivity and ruminants' health. To date, numerous methane mitigation strategies have been investigated, reported and suggested by scientists to the livestock industry. In this review, the authors will focus on the commonly practiced and available techniques expanding the knowledge of the reader on the advances of methane mitigation strategies with a focus on the recent literature. Furthermore, the authors will attempt to discuss the drawbacks of the strategies in terms of animal health and performance reduction as well as the concept of feed and energy loss, adding an economic perspective to methane emission mitigation which is in the farmers' direct interest. As a whole, many factors are effective in reducing undesired methane production, but this is definitely a complex challenge. Conclusively, further research is required to offer effective and efficient methane production mitigation solutions in ruminants worldwide, thus positively contributing to climate change.},
  subject      = {greenhouse gas (GHG)},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{TaghaviTaghizadehMehmannavazetal.,
  author    = {Taghavi, Marziyeh and Taghizadeh, Akbar and Mehmannavaz, Yousef and Hosseinkhani, Ali and Mohammadzadeh, Hamid and Macit, Muhlis and Palangi, Valiollah and Lackner, Maximilian},
  title     = {Degradability of Vicia ervilia Grain Using In Situ and CNCPS Methods, and Model-Based Analysis of Its Ruminal Degradation},
  series = {Fermentation},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Fermentation},
  number    = {5},
  doi       = {10.3390/fermentation9050419},
  abstract  = {Using nylon bag techniques, Cornell net carbohydrates and protein systems (CNCPS), and scanning electron microscopy, the authors examined the digestibility and structure of Vicia ervilia (ervil, bitter vetch) after steam flaking, roasting, and microwave processing. During the in situ technique, the samples were incubated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, and 48 h. For the description of the ruminal DM (dry matter) and CP (crude protein) degradation kinetics of treated and untreated Vicia ervilia, different models were selected as the best fit for the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation parameters of steam flaked samples. The results showed that both the steam flaking and microwave treatment samples contained high levels of non-protein nitrogen and buffer soluble protein, respectively. In comparison with steam flaking and microwave treatment, roasting decreased and increased the buffer soluble protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein, respectively. The control treatments showed the highest levels of neutral detergent soluble protein and the lowest levels of acid detergent soluble protein. Moreover, steam flaking and roasting decreased and increased the amount of acid detergent insoluble protein, respectively. When using dry heat (microwave and roasting), the acid detergent soluble and insoluble protein fractions were increased. As a result of this experiment, the nitrogen fractions were altered using heat processing. Hence, protein fermented feed and ruminal fermentation conditions can be expressed using these results.},
  subject      = {Vicia ervilia},
  language  = {en}
}