@article{BağcıkKocErtenetal.,
  author    = {Bağc{\i}k, Caner and Ko{\c{c}}, Fisun and Erten, Kadir and Esen, Selim and Palangi, Valiollah and Lackner, Maximilian},
  title     = {Lentilactobacillus buchneri Preactivation Affects the Mitigation of Methane Emission in Corn Silage Treated with or without Urea},
  series = {Fermentation},
  volume    = {8},
  journal   = {Fermentation},
  number    = {12},
  doi       = {10.3390/fermentation8120747},
  abstract  = {The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different forms of Lentilactobacillus buchneri on the in vitro methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutritional quality, and aerobic stability of corn silage treated with or without urea. The following treatments were applied prior to ensiling: (1) no urea treatment and LB; (2) no urea treatment+freeze dried LB; (3) no urea treatment+preactivated LB; (4) with urea treatment+no LB; (5) with urea treatment+freeze dried LB; (6) with urea treatment+preactivated. LB was applied at a rate of 3 × 108 cfu/kg on a fresh basis, while urea was applied at a rate of 1\% on the basis of dry matter. Data measured at different time points were analyzed according to a completely randomized design, with a 2 × 3 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments, while the others were analyzed with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Preactivated LB was more effective than freeze-dried LB in reducing silage pH, ammonia nitrogen, cell-wall components, yeast count, and carbon dioxide production, as well as increasing lactic acid and residual water-soluble carbohydrate and aerobic stability (p < 0.0001). A significant reduction in the methane ratio was observed after 24 h and 48 h incubation with preactivated forms of LB (p < 0.001). The results indicated that preactivated LB combined with urea improved fermentation characteristics, nutritional quality, and aerobic stability and reduced the methane ratio of corn silages.},
  subject      = {gas production},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{CoşkuntunaLacknerErtenetal.,
  author    = {Co{\c{s}}kuntuna, Levend and Lackner, Maximilian and Erten, Kadir and G{\"u}l, Sevilay and Palangi, Valiollah and Ko{\c{c}}, Fisun and Esen, Selim},
  title     = {Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of Lavender Meal and Essential Oil for Dairy Cows},
  series = {Fermentation},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Fermentation},
  number    = {3},
  doi       = {10.3390/fermentation9030253},
  abstract  = {This research aims to evaluate the potential of lavender meal (LM) and lavender essential oil (LEO) to mitigate methane emissions by dairy cows. Locally grown lavender was collected fresh for this purpose, and its oil was extracted using the cold-press method. The resultant LEO and LM and whole lavender (WL) were added to dairy cow concentrate feed at 0\%, 0.05\%, and 0.10\%, and their effects on vitro gas production values and gas concentrations were subsequently assessed. Out of the 30 bioactive compounds isolated from LEO, linalool and linalyl acetate were the most common—accounting for 70.4\% of the total. The lavender dose had a significant influence on gas production for up to 12 h. No significant variations were found across the lavender forms when gas kinetics, in vitro degradability, and predicted energy values were compared. The addition of WL to the concentrate feed of dairy cows produced the greatest quantities of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, whereas LEO resulted in the lowest values. In contrast, no significant difference in ammonia content was found across the various lavender forms added into dairy cow concentrate feed. The results of this research suggest that adding 0.05-0.10\% LM and LEO to concentrate feed may decrease greenhouse gas emissions from dairy cows.},
  subject      = {lavender},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BesharatiPalangiNiazifaretal.,
  author    = {Besharati, Maghsoud and Palangi, Valiollah and Niazifar, Masoumeh and Esen, Selim and Lackner, Maximilian},
  title     = {A Comprehensive Analysis of Cinnamon, Flaxseed, and Lemon Seed Essential Oils' Effects on In Vitro Gas Formation and Nutrient Degradability in Diets},
  series = {Fermentation},
  volume    = {9},
  journal   = {Fermentation},
  number    = {6},
  doi       = {10.3390/fermentation9060504},
  abstract  = {This study aimed to assess the impact of essential oils (EOs) on in vitro gas formation and the degradability of dairy and beef cattle diets. This study also aimed to investigate the effects of different types of EOs on nutrient utilization and rumen microbial activity. The current study was conducted using a fully randomized design consisting of eight experimental treatments, including two control treatments without any additives, and treatments with cinnamon essential oil (CEO), flaxseed essential oil (FEO), and lemon seed essential oil (LEO) at a concentration of 60 mg/kg fresh mass. Two control treatments were used, one with alfalfa silage and dairy concentrate (DC, CON-DC) and the other with alfalfa silage and fattening concentrate (FC, CON-FC). Gas formation, dry matter (DM) digestibility, crude protein (CP) digestibility, effective degradability (ED), and soluble fractions of DM and organic matter (OM) were evaluated. CEO had a substantial effect on gas formation (p < 0.05). When EOs were added to the diets, they increased dry matter digestibility after 24 h of incubation as compared to control treatments. After 24 h of incubation, FCCEO and FCFEO had the highest CP digestibility among the diets. FCLEO considerably enhanced ED, as well as the soluble fraction of DM (a) at a passage rate of 2\% per hour. Treatment with FCCEO resulted in a significant increase in soluble fractions compared to the control diets. At a passage rate of 2\% h, DCCEO had the maximum ED value. When EOs were introduced to the diet, they dramatically decreased the insoluble portion of CP (b). Compared to the control treatments, gas production was significantly lower in the presence of LEO (FCLEO; p < 0.05). The addition of EOs to cattle diets may increase nutrient utilization and enhance rumen microbial activity. EOs extracted from lemon seeds (at a dose of 60 mg/kg of diet) lowered gas production in both dairy cattle and fattening diets.},
  subject      = {Digestibility},
  language  = {en}
}