@article{TeuschlHolnthonerMonforte,
  author    = {Teuschl, Andreas and Holnthoner, Wolfgang and Monforte, Xavier},
  title     = {Repopulation of an auricular cartilage scaffold, AuriScaff, perforated with an enzyme combination},
  series = {Acta Biomater.},
  volume    = {2019},
  journal   = {Acta Biomater.},
  number    = {Mar/86},
  pages     = {207 -- 222},
  abstract  = {Biomaterials currently in use for articular cartilage regeneration do not mimic the composition or architecture of hyaline cartilage, leading to the formation of repair tissue with inferior characteristics. In this study we demonstrate the use of "AuriScaff", an enzymatically perforated bovine auricular cartilage scaffold, as a novel biomaterial for repopulation with regenerative cells and for the formation of high-quality hyaline cartilage. AuriScaff features a traversing channel network, generated by selective depletion of elastic fibers, enabling uniform repopulation with therapeutic cells. The complex collagen type II matrix is left intact, as observed by immunohistochemistry, SEM and TEM. The compressive modulus is diminished, but three times higher than in the clinically used collagen type I/III scaffold that served as control. Seeding tests with human articular chondrocytes (hAC) alone and in co-culture with human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) confirmed that the network enabled cell migration throughout the scaffold. It also guides collagen alignment along the channels and, due to the generally traverse channel alignment, newly deposited cartilage matrix corresponds with the orientation of collagen within articular cartilage. In an osteochondral plug model, AuriScaff filled the complete defect with compact collagen type II matrix and enabled chondrogenic differentiation inside the channels. Using adult articular chondrocytes from bovine origin (bAC), filling of even deep defects with high-quality hyaline-like cartilage was achieved after 6 weeks in vivo. With its composition and spatial organization, AuriScaff provides an optimal chondrogenic environment for therapeutic cells to treat cartilage defects and is expected to improve long-term outcome by channel-guided repopulation followed by matrix deposition and alignment. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: After two decades of tissue engineering for cartilage regeneration, there is still no optimal strategy available to overcome problems such as inconsistent clinical outcome, early and late graft failures. Especially large defects are dependent on biomaterials and their scaffolding, guiding and protective function. Considering the currently used biomaterials, structure and mechanical properties appear to be insufficient to fulfill this task. The novel scaffold developed within this study is the first approach enabling the use of dense cartilage matrix, repopulate it via channels and provide the cells with a compact collagen type II environment. Due to its density, it also provides better mechanical properties than materials currently used in clinics. We therefore think, that the auricular cartilage scaffold (AuriScaff) has a high potential to improve future cartilage regeneration approaches.},
  subject      = {Auricular cartilage},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{SchneiderAignerMonforteVilaetal.,
  author    = {Schneider, Karl Heinrich and Aigner, Petra and Monforte Vila, Xavier and Holnthoner, Wolfgang and Teuschl, Andreas and Bergmeister, Helga and Redl, Heinz},
  title     = {Naturally derived acellular small diameter vascular grafts from human placenta for reconstructive surgery},
  subject      = {Placenta},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{NuernbergerSchneidervanOschetal.,
  author    = {N{\"u}rnberger, Sylvia and Schneider, Cornelia and van Osch, Gerjo and Keibl, Claudia and Rieder, Bernhard and Monforte, Xavier and Teuschl, Andreas and M{\"u}hleder, Severin and Holnthoner, Wolfgang and Sch{\"a}dl, Barbara and Gahleitner, Christoph and Redl, Heinz and Wolbank, Susanne},
  title     = {Repopulation of an auricular cartilage scaffold, AuriScaff, perforated with an enzyme combination.},
  series = {Acta Biomaterialia},
  journal   = {Acta Biomaterialia},
  subject      = {Tissue Engineering},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{SchneiderAignerHolnthoneretal.,
  author    = {Schneider, Karl Heinrich and Aigner, Petra and Holnthoner, Wolfgang and Monforte Vila, Xavier and N{\"u}rnberger, Sylvia and R{\"u}nzler, Dominik and Redl, Heinz and Teuschl, Andreas},
  title     = {Decellularized human placenta chorion matrix as a favorable source of small-diameter vascular grafts},
  series = {Acta Biomaterialia},
  journal   = {Acta Biomaterialia},
  subject      = {Grafting},
  language  = {en}
}
@misc{FriedrichLakicPraehauseretal.,
  author    = {Friedrich, Robin and Lakic, Nevana and Pr{\"a}hauser, Linda and Schweitzer, Karoline and Olscher, Christoph and Monforte Vila, Xavier and Leitner, Rita and Gepp, Barbara},
  title     = {Effects of Plastic on the Freshwater Snail Biomphalaria Glabrata},
  series = {SETAC Europe 32nd Annual Meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark from 15 - 19. May 2022},
  journal   = {SETAC Europe 32nd Annual Meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark from 15 - 19. May 2022},
  subject      = {Ecotoxicology},
  language  = {en}
}
@article{BernhardMaroltPresenLietal.,
  author    = {Bernhard, Jonathan C and Marolt Presen, Darja and Li, Ming and Monforte, Xavier and Ferguson, James and Leinfellner, Gabriele and Heimel, Patrick and Betti, Susanne L and Shu, Sharon and Teuschl-Woller, Andreas H and Tangl, Stefan and Redl, Heinz and Vunjak-Novakovic, Gordana},
  title     = {Effects of Endochondral and Intramembranous Ossification Pathways on Bone Tissue Formation and Vascularization in Human Tissue-Engineered Grafts},
  series = {Cells},
  volume    = {11},
  journal   = {Cells},
  number    = {19:3070},
  doi       = {10.3390/cells11193070},
  abstract  = {Bone grafts can be engineered by differentiating human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) via the endochondral and intramembranous ossification pathways. We evaluated the effects of each pathway on the properties of engineered bone grafts and their capacity to drive bone regeneration. Bone-marrow-derived MSCs were differentiated on silk scaffolds into either hypertrophic chondrocytes (hyper) or osteoblasts (osteo) over 5 weeks of in vitro cultivation, and were implanted subcutaneously for 12 weeks. The pathways' constructs were evaluated over time with respect to gene expression, composition, histomorphology, microstructure, vascularization and biomechanics. Hypertrophic chondrocytes expressed higher levels of osteogenic genes and deposited significantly more bone mineral and proteins than the osteoblasts. Before implantation, the mineral in the hyper group was less mature than that in the osteo group. Following 12 weeks of implantation, the hyper group had increased mineral density but a similar overall mineral composition compared with the osteo group. The hyper group also displayed significantly more blood vessel infiltration than the osteo group. Both groups contained M2 macrophages, indicating bone regeneration. These data suggest that, similar to the body's repair processes, endochondral pathway might be more advantageous when regenerating large defects, whereas intramembranous ossification could be utilized to guide the tissue formation pattern with a scaffold architecture.},
  subject      = {bone tissue engineering},
  language  = {en}
}