TY - JOUR A1 - Diler, Abdulkerim A1 - Yanar, Mete A1 - Özdemir, Veysel Fatih A1 - Aydin, Recep A1 - Kaynar, Özgür A1 - Palangi, Valiollah A1 - Lackner, Maximilian A1 - Koçyigit, Rıdvan T1 - Effects of Slaughter Age of Holstein Friesian Bulls on Meat Quality: Chemical Composition, Textural Characteristics, Sensory Attributes and Fatty Acid Profile JF - Foods N2 - This study aimed to investigate the effects of slaughter age (young vs. old), muscle type (Longissimus dorsi (LD), Gluteus medius (GM)) and fat deposits (kidney knob and channel fat, subcutaneous fat, intramuscular fat) on chemical, organoleptic, textural characteristics and fatty acid composition of Holstein Friesian bull meat. For this purpose, the carcasses of 26 Holstein Friesian bulls that had been fattened on the same private farm were assigned to two experimental groups based on their age at slaughter: a young group (YG) (average age: 17.0 ± 1.0 months old) and an old group (OG) (average age: 22.0 ± 1.0 months old). The percentage of crude protein, panel tenderness score, polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and saturated fatty acid (SFA) content, the PUFA/SFA ratio and the hypocholesterolemic fatty acid (DFA)/hypercholesterolemic fatty acid (OFA) ratio of the bull carcasses decreased significantly with increasing slaughter age. By contrast, the OFA content of the carcasses significantly increased (p < 0.05) with increasing slaughter age. Advanced slaughter age resulted in lower panel tenderness scores. Additionally, the meat of the bulls in the OG was considered to be less healthy because of the less desirable fatty acid composition and nutritional indices, such as the PUFA/SFA and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratios, compared to the meat from the bulls in the YG. Furthermore, the intramuscular fat and internal fat contained high percentages of PUFA and SFA and high PUFA/SFA and hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratios. Interestingly, the percentage of OFA content in the internal and intramuscular fat tissues decreased with increasing slaughter age. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that slaughter age and muscle and fat type are essential sources of variations in the textural characteristics, sensory panel attributes and fatty acid profile of meat from Holstein Friesian bulls. KW - fatty acid profile KW - sensory evaluation KW - slaughter age KW - texture profile analysis Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010158 VL - 12 IS - 1 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Bağcık, Caner A1 - Koç, Fisun A1 - Erten, Kadir A1 - Esen, Selim A1 - Palangi, Valiollah A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - Lentilactobacillus buchneri Preactivation Affects the Mitigation of Methane Emission in Corn Silage Treated with or without Urea JF - Fermentation N2 - The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different forms of Lentilactobacillus buchneri on the in vitro methane production, fermentation characteristics, nutritional quality, and aerobic stability of corn silage treated with or without urea. The following treatments were applied prior to ensiling: (1) no urea treatment and LB; (2) no urea treatment+freeze dried LB; (3) no urea treatment+preactivated LB; (4) with urea treatment+no LB; (5) with urea treatment+freeze dried LB; (6) with urea treatment+preactivated. LB was applied at a rate of 3 × 108 cfu/kg on a fresh basis, while urea was applied at a rate of 1% on the basis of dry matter. Data measured at different time points were analyzed according to a completely randomized design, with a 2 × 3 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments, while the others were analyzed with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Preactivated LB was more effective than freeze-dried LB in reducing silage pH, ammonia nitrogen, cell-wall components, yeast count, and carbon dioxide production, as well as increasing lactic acid and residual water-soluble carbohydrate and aerobic stability (p < 0.0001). A significant reduction in the methane ratio was observed after 24 h and 48 h incubation with preactivated forms of LB (p < 0.001). The results indicated that preactivated LB combined with urea improved fermentation characteristics, nutritional quality, and aerobic stability and reduced the methane ratio of corn silages. KW - gas production KW - Lentilactobacillus buchneri KW - methane KW - silage KW - urea Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8120747 VL - 8 IS - 12 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Coşkuntuna, Levend A1 - Lackner, Maximilian A1 - Erten, Kadir A1 - Gül, Sevilay A1 - Palangi, Valiollah A1 - Koç, Fisun A1 - Esen, Selim T1 - Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Potential of Lavender Meal and Essential Oil for Dairy Cows JF - Fermentation N2 - This research aims to evaluate the potential of lavender meal (LM) and lavender essential oil (LEO) to mitigate methane emissions by dairy cows. Locally grown lavender was collected fresh for this purpose, and its oil was extracted using the cold-press method. The resultant LEO and LM and whole lavender (WL) were added to dairy cow concentrate feed at 0%, 0.05%, and 0.10%, and their effects on vitro gas production values and gas concentrations were subsequently assessed. Out of the 30 bioactive compounds isolated from LEO, linalool and linalyl acetate were the most common—accounting for 70.4% of the total. The lavender dose had a significant influence on gas production for up to 12 h. No significant variations were found across the lavender forms when gas kinetics, in vitro degradability, and predicted energy values were compared. The addition of WL to the concentrate feed of dairy cows produced the greatest quantities of methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide, whereas LEO resulted in the lowest values. In contrast, no significant difference in ammonia content was found across the various lavender forms added into dairy cow concentrate feed. The results of this research suggest that adding 0.05–0.10% LM and LEO to concentrate feed may decrease greenhouse gas emissions from dairy cows. KW - lavender KW - byproduct KW - essential oil KW - methane Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9030253 VL - 9 IS - 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Besharati, Maghsoud A1 - Palangi, Valiollah A1 - Niazifar, Masoumeh A1 - Esen, Selim A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - A Comprehensive Analysis of Cinnamon, Flaxseed, and Lemon Seed Essential Oils’ Effects on In Vitro Gas Formation and Nutrient Degradability in Diets JF - Fermentation N2 - This study aimed to assess the impact of essential oils (EOs) on in vitro gas formation and the degradability of dairy and beef cattle diets. This study also aimed to investigate the effects of different types of EOs on nutrient utilization and rumen microbial activity. The current study was conducted using a fully randomized design consisting of eight experimental treatments, including two control treatments without any additives, and treatments with cinnamon essential oil (CEO), flaxseed essential oil (FEO), and lemon seed essential oil (LEO) at a concentration of 60 mg/kg fresh mass. Two control treatments were used, one with alfalfa silage and dairy concentrate (DC, CON-DC) and the other with alfalfa silage and fattening concentrate (FC, CON-FC). Gas formation, dry matter (DM) digestibility, crude protein (CP) digestibility, effective degradability (ED), and soluble fractions of DM and organic matter (OM) were evaluated. CEO had a substantial effect on gas formation (p < 0.05). When EOs were added to the diets, they increased dry matter digestibility after 24 h of incubation as compared to control treatments. After 24 h of incubation, FCCEO and FCFEO had the highest CP digestibility among the diets. FCLEO considerably enhanced ED, as well as the soluble fraction of DM (a) at a passage rate of 2% per hour. Treatment with FCCEO resulted in a significant increase in soluble fractions compared to the control diets. At a passage rate of 2% h, DCCEO had the maximum ED value. When EOs were introduced to the diet, they dramatically decreased the insoluble portion of CP (b). Compared to the control treatments, gas production was significantly lower in the presence of LEO (FCLEO; p < 0.05). The addition of EOs to cattle diets may increase nutrient utilization and enhance rumen microbial activity. EOs extracted from lemon seeds (at a dose of 60 mg/kg of diet) lowered gas production in both dairy cattle and fattening diets. KW - Digestibility KW - cinnamon essential oil KW - lemon seed essential oil Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9060504 VL - 9 IS - 6 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palangi, Valiollah A1 - Taghizadeh, Akbar A1 - Abachi, Soheila A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - Strategies to Mitigate Enteric Methane Emissions in Ruminants: A Review JF - Sustainability N2 - Methane is the main greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted by ruminants. Mitigation strategies are required to alleviate this negative environmental impact while maintaining productivity and ruminants’ health. To date, numerous methane mitigation strategies have been investigated, reported and suggested by scientists to the livestock industry. In this review, the authors will focus on the commonly practiced and available techniques expanding the knowledge of the reader on the advances of methane mitigation strategies with a focus on the recent literature. Furthermore, the authors will attempt to discuss the drawbacks of the strategies in terms of animal health and performance reduction as well as the concept of feed and energy loss, adding an economic perspective to methane emission mitigation which is in the farmers’ direct interest. As a whole, many factors are effective in reducing undesired methane production, but this is definitely a complex challenge. Conclusively, further research is required to offer effective and efficient methane production mitigation solutions in ruminants worldwide, thus positively contributing to climate change. KW - greenhouse gas (GHG) KW - ruminal microorganism KW - methane emission Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013229 VL - Vol. 14 IS - Issue 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mokhtarzadeh, Shakir A1 - Nobakht, Ali A1 - Mehmannavaz, Yousef A1 - Palangi, Valiollah A1 - Eseceli, Hüseyin A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - Impacts of Continuous and Intermittent Use of Bovine Colostrum on Laying Japanese Quails: Egg Performance and Traits, Blood Biochemical and Antioxidant Status JF - Animals N2 - Quail is used in cookery, but mainly for its egg production around the globe, and sustainable poultry farming practices have been searched. The use of colostrum (beestings or first milk from cows) in quails’ diet can play an important role in providing probiotics and reducing the need for antibiotics, which, in addition to better quail performance, is effective in reducing environmental impacts. The results of the current research show that the continuous use of bovine colostrum (BC) in laying quails’ diets has beneficial effects on their performance, egg traits, blood indexes and antioxidant status. KW - antioxidant KW - blood parameters KW - carcass characteristics KW - egg traits Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12202811 VL - 12 IS - Issue 20 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Palangi, Valiollah A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - Management of Enteric Methane Emissions in Ruminants Using Feed Additives: A Review JF - Animals N2 - Methane emission from enteric fermentation in ruminants is the single most relevant greenhouse gas source in agriculture, and it is amongst the largest anthropogenic ones. As ruminants are needed globally for meat, milk and other goods production on a huge scale, feed additives could offer an interesting solution to reduce CH4 emissions. Methane emission strategies are investigated to maintaining productivity and the overall health of the animal. Some strategies have shown to reduce the propagation and/or eliminate ruminal flora affecting the health and productivity of the animal. Therefore, identifying beneficial strategies leads to improving productivity and the health of the animal and environment. KW - greenhouse gas KW - methane emission KW - ruminants Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243452 VL - 12 IS - 24 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Taghavi, Marziyeh A1 - Taghizadeh, Akbar A1 - Mehmannavaz, Yousef A1 - Hosseinkhani, Ali A1 - Mohammadzadeh, Hamid A1 - Macit, Muhlis A1 - Palangi, Valiollah A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - Degradability of Vicia ervilia Grain Using In Situ and CNCPS Methods, and Model-Based Analysis of Its Ruminal Degradation JF - Fermentation N2 - Using nylon bag techniques, Cornell net carbohydrates and protein systems (CNCPS), and scanning electron microscopy, the authors examined the digestibility and structure of Vicia ervilia (ervil, bitter vetch) after steam flaking, roasting, and microwave processing. During the in situ technique, the samples were incubated at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, and 48 h. For the description of the ruminal DM (dry matter) and CP (crude protein) degradation kinetics of treated and untreated Vicia ervilia, different models were selected as the best fit for the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) degradation parameters of steam flaked samples. The results showed that both the steam flaking and microwave treatment samples contained high levels of non-protein nitrogen and buffer soluble protein, respectively. In comparison with steam flaking and microwave treatment, roasting decreased and increased the buffer soluble protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein, respectively. The control treatments showed the highest levels of neutral detergent soluble protein and the lowest levels of acid detergent soluble protein. Moreover, steam flaking and roasting decreased and increased the amount of acid detergent insoluble protein, respectively. When using dry heat (microwave and roasting), the acid detergent soluble and insoluble protein fractions were increased. As a result of this experiment, the nitrogen fractions were altered using heat processing. Hence, protein fermented feed and ruminal fermentation conditions can be expressed using these results. KW - Vicia ervilia KW - steam flaking KW - microwave KW - roasting Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9050419 VL - 9 IS - 5 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ahmadzadeh, Leila A1 - Hosseinkhani, Ali A1 - Palangi, Valiollah A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - Supplementary Feed Additives Can Improve Lamb Performance in Terms of Birth Weight, Body Size, and Survival Rate JF - Animals KW - feed restriction KW - monensin sodium KW - offspring performance Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13060993 IS - 13 / 6 ER -