TY - JOUR A1 - Tomasch, Janine A1 - Maleiner, Babette A1 - Heher, Philipp A1 - Rufin, Manuel A1 - Andriotis, Orestis G. A1 - Thurner, Philipp J. A1 - Redl, Heinz A1 - Fuchs, Christiane A1 - Teuschl-Woller, Andreas H. T1 - Changes in Elastic Moduli of Fibrin Hydrogels Within the Myogenic Range Alter Behavior of Murine C2C12 and Human C25 Myoblasts Differently JF - Froniers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology N2 - Fibrin hydrogels have proven highly suitable scaffold materials for skeletal muscle tissue engineering in the past. Certain parameters of those types of scaffolds, however, greatly affect cellular mechanobiology and therefore the myogenic outcome. The aim of this study was to identify the influence of apparent elastic properties of fibrin scaffolds in 2D and 3D on myoblasts and evaluate if those effects differ between murine and human cells. Therefore, myoblasts were cultured on fibrin-coated multiwell plates (“2D”) or embedded in fibrin hydrogels (“3D”) with different elastic moduli. Firstly, we established an almost linear correlation between hydrogels’ fibrinogen concentrations and apparent elastic moduli in the range of 7.5 mg/ml to 30 mg/ml fibrinogen (corresponds to a range of 7.7–30.9 kPa). The effects of fibrin hydrogel elastic modulus on myoblast proliferation changed depending on culture type (2D vs 3D) with an inhibitory effect at higher fibrinogen concentrations in 3D gels and vice versa in 2D. The opposite effect was evident in differentiating myoblasts as shown by gene expression analysis of myogenesis marker genes and altered myotube morphology. Furthermore, culture in a 3D environment slowed down proliferation compared to 2D, with a significantly more pronounced effect on human myoblasts. Differentiation potential was also substantially impaired upon incorporation into 3D gels in human, but not in murine, myoblasts. With this study, we gained further insight in the influence of apparent elastic modulus and culture type on cellular behavior and myogenic outcome of skeletal muscle tissue engineering approaches. Furthermore, the results highlight the need to adapt parameters of 3D culture setups established for murine cells when applied to human cells. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Fibrin KW - Hydrogel KW - Biomaterials KW - Cell Culture Y1 - VL - 10 SP - 836520 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Angelova, Liliya A1 - Daskalova, Albena A1 - Filipov, Emil A1 - Monforte Vila, Xavier A1 - Tomasch, Janine A1 - Avdeev, Georgi A1 - Teuschl-Woller, Andreas Herbert A1 - Buchvarov, Ivan T1 - Optimizing the Surface Structural and Morphological Properties of Silk Thin Films via Ultra-Short Laser Texturing for Creation of Muscle Cell Matrix Model JF - Polymers N2 - Temporary scaffolds that mimic the extracellular matrix's structure and provide a stable substratum for the natural growth of cells are an innovative trend in the field of tissue engineering. The aim of this study is to obtain and design porous 2D fibroin-based cell matrices by femtosecond laser-induced microstructuring for future applications in muscle tissue engineering. Ultra-fast laser treatment is a non-contact method, which generates controlled porosity-the creation of micro/nanostructures on the surface of the biopolymer that can strongly affect cell behavior, while the control over its surface characteristics has the potential of directing the growth of future muscle tissue in the desired direction. The laser structured 2D thin film matrices from silk were characterized by means of SEM, EDX, AFM, FTIR, Micro-Raman, XRD, and 3D-roughness analyses. A WCA evaluation and initial experiments with murine C2C12 myoblasts cells were also performed. The results show that by varying the laser parameters, a different structuring degree can be achieved through the initial lifting and ejection of the material around the area of laser interaction to generate porous channels with varying widths and depths. The proper optimization of the applied laser parameters can significantly improve the bioactive properties of the investigated 2D model of a muscle cell matrix. Keywords: biopolymers; femtosecond laser processing; muscle cell matrix 2D model; muscle tissue engineering; silk fibroin. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Muscle Cell matrix Model KW - Silk Scaffold KW - Surface Structure Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 14(13), 2584 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Munsch, Nicolas A1 - Gruarin, Stefanie A1 - Nateqi, Jama A1 - Lutz, Thomas A1 - Binder, Michael A1 - Aberle, Judith H. A1 - Martin, Alistair A1 - Knapp, Bernhard T1 - Symptoms associated with a COVID-19 infection among a non-hospitalized cohort in Vienna JF - Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift / The Central European Journal of Medicine N2 - Background: Most clinical studies report the symptoms experienced by those infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) via patients already hospitalized. Here we analyzed the symptoms experienced outside of a hospital setting. Methods: The Vienna Social Fund (FSW; Vienna, Austria), the Public Health Services of the City of Vienna (MA15) and the private company Symptoma collaborated to implement Vienna's official online COVID-19 symptom checker. Users answered 12 yes/no questions about symptoms to assess their risk for COVID-19. They could also specify their age and sex, and whether they had contact with someone who tested positive for COVID-19. Depending on the assessed risk of COVID-19 positivity, a SARS-CoV‑2 nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) was performed. In this publication, we analyzed which factors (symptoms, sex or age) are associated with COVID-19 positivity. We also trained a classifier to correctly predict COVID-19 positivity from the collected data. Results: Between 2 November 2020 and 18 November 2021, 9133 people experiencing COVID-19-like symptoms were assessed as high risk by the chatbot and were subsequently tested by a NAAT. Symptoms significantly associated with a positive COVID-19 test were malaise, fatigue, headache, cough, fever, dysgeusia and hyposmia. Our classifier could successfully predict COVID-19 positivity with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.74. Conclusion: This study provides reliable COVID-19 symptom statistics based on the general population verified by NAATs. Keywords: Chatbot; Machine learning; Self-reported; Symptom assessment; Symptom checker. KW - COVID-19 KW - Chatbot KW - Machine learning KW - Self-reported KW - Symptom assessment Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 134 (9-10) SP - 344 EP - 350 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuba, Markus A1 - Panholzer, Alois T1 - On bucket increasing trees, clustered increasing trees and increasing diamonds JF - Combinatorics, Probability and Computing N2 - In this work we analyse bucket increasing tree families. We introduce two simple stochastic growth processes, generating random bucket increasing trees of size n, complementing the earlier result of Mahmoud and Smythe (1995, Theoret. Comput. Sci.144 221–249.) for bucket recursive trees. On the combinatorial side, we define multilabelled generalisations of the tree families d-ary increasing trees and generalised plane-oriented recursive trees. Additionally, we introduce a clustering process for ordinary increasing trees and relate it to bucket increasing trees. We discuss in detail the bucket size two and present a bijection between such bucket increasing tree families and certain families of graphs called increasing diamonds, providing an explanation for phenomena observed by Bodini et al. (2016, Lect. Notes Comput. Sci.9644 207–219.). Concerning structural properties of bucket increasing trees, we analyse the tree parameter Kn . It counts the initial bucket size of the node containing label n in a tree of size n and is closely related to the distribution of node types. Additionally, we analyse the parameters descendants of label j and degree of the bucket containing label j, providing distributional decompositions, complementing and extending earlier results (Kuba and Panholzer (2010), Theoret. Comput. Sci.411(34–36) 3255–3273.). KW - bucket-increasing-trees KW - clustered-trees KW - stochastic-growth-processes KW - descendants KW - nodedegrees Y1 - 2021 IS - Volume 31 , Issue 4 SP - 629 EP - 661 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huber, Albert T1 - Remark on the quasilocal calculation of tidal heating: Energy transfer through the quasilocal surface JF - American Physical Society - Physical Review D N2 - In this paper, using the quasilocal formalism of Brown and York, the flow of energy through a closed surface containing a gravitating physical system is calculated in a way that augments earlier results on the subject by Booth and Creighton. To this end, by performing a variation of the total gravitational Hamiltonian (bulk plus boundary part), it is shown that associated tidal heating and deformation effects generally are larger than expected. This is because the aforementioned variation leads to previously unrecognized correction terms, including a bulk-to-boundary inflow term that does not appear in the original calculation of the time derivative of the Brown-York energy and leads to corrective extensions of Einstein’s quadrupole formula in the large sphere limit. KW - gravitation KW - cosmology KW - fields Y1 - VL - 105 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Mairhofer, Lukas A1 - Passon, Oliver T1 - Reconsidering the Relation Between “Matter Wave Interference” and “Wave–Particle Duality” JF - Foundations of Physics N2 - Interference of more and more massive objects provides a spectacular confirmation of quantum theory. It is usually regarded as support for “wave–particle duality” and in an extension of this duality even as support for “complementarity”. We first give an outline of the historical development of these notions. Already here it becomes evident that they are hard to define rigorously, i.e. have mainly a heuristic function. Then we discuss recent interference experiments of large and complex molecules which seem to support this heuristic function of “duality”. However, we show that in these experiments the diffraction of a delocalized center-of-mass wave function depends on the interaction of the localized structure of the molecule with the diffraction element. Thus, the molecules display “dual features” at the same time, which contradicts the usual understanding of wave–particle duality. We conclude that the notion of “wave–particle duality” deserves no place in modern quantum physics. KW - Quantenmechanik KW - Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus KW - Interferenz Y1 - IS - 52/32 PB - Springer ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Kuba, Markus T1 - On multisets, interpolated multiple zeta values and limit laws. JF - Electronic Journal of Combinatorics N2 - In this work we discuss a parameter σ on weighted k-element multisets of [n]={1,…,n}. The sums of weighted k-multisets are related to k-subsets, k-multisets, as well as special instances of truncated interpolated multiple zeta values. We study properties of this parameter using symbolic combinatorics. We rederive and extend certain identities for ζtn({m}k). Moreover, we introduce random variables on the k-element multisets and derive their distributions, as well as limit laws for k or n tending to infinity. KW - k-multisets KW - k-subsets KW - truncated-multiple-zeta-values KW - interpolated-multiple-zeta-values KW - harmonic-numbers Y1 - IS - Vol. 29, Issue 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Mairhofer, Lukas T1 - Dying Experiments KW - Experimentalsysteme KW - Quantenphysik KW - Science and Technology Y1 - ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Purtscher, Michaela A1 - Rothbauer, Mario A1 - Kratz, Sebastian Rudi Adam A1 - Bailey, Andrew A1 - Lieberzeit, Peter A1 - Ertl, Peter T1 - A microfluidic impedance-based extended infectivity assay: combining retroviral amplification and cytopathic effect monitoring on a single lab-on-a-chip platform JF - Lab on a Chip N2 - Detection, quantification and monitoring of virus – host cell interactions are of great importance when evaluating the safety of pharmaceutical products. With the wide usage of viral based vector systems in combination with mammalian cell lines for the production of biopharmaceuticals, the presence of replication competent viral particles needs to be avoided and potential hazards carefully assessed. Consequently, regulatory agencies recommend viral clearance studies using plaque assays or TCID50 assays to evaluate the efficiency of the production process in removing viruses. While plaque assays provide reliable information on the presence of viral contaminations, they are still tedious to perform and can take up to two weeks to finish. To overcome some of these limitations, we have automated, miniaturized and integrated the dual cell culture bioassay into a common lab-on-a-chip platform containing embedded electrical sensor arrays to enrich and detect infectious viruses. Results of our microfluidic single step assay show that a significant reduction in assay time down to 3 to 4 days can be achieved using simultaneous cell-based viral amplification, release and detection of cytopathic effects in a target cell line. We further demonstrate the enhancing effect of continuous fluid flow on infection of PG-4 reporter cells by newly formed and highly active virions by M. dunni cells, thus pointing to the importance of physical relevant viral–cell interactions. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Microfluidics KW - Lab on Chip Y1 - 2021 VL - 2021 IS - Issue 7 SP - 1364 EP - 1372 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Deininger, Christian A1 - Wagner, Andrea A1 - Heimel, Patrick A1 - Salzer, Elias A1 - Monforte Vila, Xavier A1 - Weißenbacher, Nadja A1 - Grillari, Johannes A1 - Redl, Heinz A1 - Wichlas, Florian A1 - Freude, Thomas A1 - Tempfer, Herbert A1 - Teuschl-Woller, Andreas A1 - Traweger, Andreas T1 - Enhanced BMP-2-Mediated Bone Repair Using an Anisotropic Silk Fibroin Scaffold Coated with Bone-like Apatite JF - Int. J. Mol. Sci. N2 - The repair of large bone defects remains challenging and often requires graft material due to limited availability of autologous bone. In clinical settings, collagen sponges loaded with excessive amounts of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) are occasionally used for the treatment of bone non-unions, increasing the risk of adverse events. Therefore, strategies to reduce rhBMP-2 dosage are desirable. Silk scaffolds show great promise due to their favorable biocompatibility and their utility for various biofabrication methods. For this study, we generated silk scaffolds with axially aligned pores, which were subsequently treated with 10× simulated body fluid (SBF) to generate an apatitic calcium phosphate coating. Using a rat femoral critical sized defect model (CSD) we evaluated if the resulting scaffold allows the reduction of BMP-2 dosage to promote efficient bone repair by providing appropriate guidance cues. Highly porous, anisotropic silk scaffolds were produced, demonstrating good cytocompatibility in vitro and treatment with 10× SBF resulted in efficient surface coating. In vivo, the coated silk scaffolds loaded with a low dose of rhBMP-2 demonstrated significantly improved bone regeneration when compared to the unmineralized scaffold. Overall, our findings show that this simple and cost-efficient technique yields scaffolds that enhance rhBMP-2 mediated bone healing. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Biomaterials KW - silk scaffold KW - bone regeneration KW - pseudoarthrosis Y1 - VL - 23 IS - 1 / 283 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hackethal, Johannes A1 - Dungel, Peter A1 - Teuschl, Andreas Herbert T1 - Frequently Used Strategies to Isolate Extracellular Matrix Proteins from Human Placenta and Adipose Tissue JF - Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods N2 - The natural extracellular matrix (ECM) provides the optimal environment for cells. Many enzymatic or non-enzymatic based strategies to extract ECM proteins from tissues were published over the past years. However, every single isolation strategy reported so far is associated with specific bottlenecks. In this study, frequently used strategies to isolate ECM from human placenta or adipose tissue using Tris-, serum-, or pepsin-based buffers were compared. The resulting ECM proteins were biochemically characterized by analysis of cellular remnants using Hoechst DNA staining, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content by dimethylmethylene blue, visualization of protein bands using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis combined with amino acid quantification, and assessment of the proangiogenic profile using an angiogenesis array. Tris-NaCl-extracted ECM proteins showed a high heterogenic degree of extracted proteins, bioactive growth factors, and GAGs, but no collagen-I. Active serum-extracted ECM showed significant lower DNA remnants when compared with the Tris-NaCl isolation strategy. Pepsin-extracted ECM was rich in collagen-I and low amounts of remaining bioactive growth factors. This strategy was most effective to reduce DNA amounts when compared with the other isolation strategies. Pepsin-extracted ECM from both tissues easily gelled at 37°C, whereas the other extracted ECM strategies did not gel at 37°C (Tris-NaCl: liquid; serum: sponge). All relevant characteristics (DNA residues, ECM diversity and bioactivity, shape) of the extracted ECM proteins highly depend on its isolation strategy and could still be optimized. Impact statement The natural human extracellular matrix (ECM) is the ideal cell niche. Various strategies were reported to isolate human ECM components from various sources. In this article, we compared frequently used methods and compared their characteristics (DNA remnants, glycosaminoglycan content, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis, amino acid quantification, angiogenesis array, and gel formation). We conclude that more research is still necessary to optimize current isolation approaches for in vitro or in vivo applications of human ECM. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Biomaterials KW - Adipose Tissue KW - extracellular matrix KW - human placenta Y1 - VL - 27 IS - 12 SP - 649 EP - 660 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Simböck, Elisabeth A1 - Marksteiner, Jessica A1 - Machacek, Thomas A1 - Wiessner, Katharina A1 - Gepp, Barbara A1 - Jesenberger, Veronika A1 - Weihs, Anna A1 - Leitner, Rita T1 - The Power of Problem Based Learning beyond its Didactic Attributes JF - Journal of Problem Based Learning in Higher Education (JPBLHE) N2 - Hybrid courses with a focus on practice-orientated education and self-guided learning phases are on the rise on the higher education sector. Disciplines in Life Sciences implicate a high degree of practical laboratory expertise. The University of Applied Sciences (UAS) in Vienna, Austria, has thus been endeavoured offering students a high qualitative education integrating hybrid courses based on PBL principles, which consist of on-site (including the transmission of necessary background and practical laboratory training) and off-site (including self-study phases) sessions. As practical laboratory units are central in those courses, the restrictive measures, including the transition to a complete online teaching format due to the first Covid-19-pandemic lock-down, had severe effects on the implementation and the quality of the curriculum. According to surveys made specifically to address this problematic situation, it can be concluded that on-site practical units are fundamental for certain disciplines such as Life Sciences. KW - Problem-based Learning KW - Life Science didactics KW - Hybrid PBL-methods KW - COVID-19 KW - Life Science Education Y1 - VL - 9 IS - 1 SP - 109 EP - 130 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Jakisch, Philipp A1 - Krammer, Christopher A1 - Krätz, Thomas A1 - Stukelj, Gasper A1 - Werdenits, Lukas A1 - Höller, Roland A1 - Rössler, Peter T1 - Field Programmable Analog Circuits and Arrays – An Overview T2 - Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET), Cape Town, South Africa, Dec. 9-10, 2021 KW - Field Programmable Analog Arrays KW - FPAA KW - Mixed-Signal I/O Circuits Y1 - ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rauer, Johannes Nikolaus A1 - Kroiss, Michael A1 - Kryvinska, Natalia A1 - Engelhardt-Nowitzki, Corinna A1 - Aburaia, Mohamed T1 - Cross-university virtual teamwork as a means of internationalization at home JF - The International Journal of Management Education, Volume 19, Issue 3 KW - Virtual Teamwork Y1 - IS - Issue 3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Veigl, Christoph A1 - Klaus, Benjamin A1 - Aigner, Benjamin A1 - Wagner, Manuel T1 - Universal Access Panel: A Novel Approach for Accessible Smart Homes and IoT JF - Computers Helping People with Special Needs. ICCHP-AAATE 2022. Lecture Notes in Computer Science KW - Home appliances KW - Disability KW - Accessibility KW - Multimodal User Interface KW - Smart Home Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - Vol. 13342 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wala, Thomas T1 - Die betriebswirtschaftliche Klausur: Rechnungswesen und Controlling JF - WISU - Das Wirtschaftsstudium KW - Rechnungswesen KW - Controlling Y1 - 2022 IS - 2 / 2022 SP - 198 ff ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lang, Moritz T1 - The mechanism of scale-invariance JF - Automatica N2 - A system is invariant with respect to an input transformation if we can transform any dynamic input by this function and obtain the same output dynamics after adjusting the initial conditions appropriately. Often, the set of all such input transformations forms a Lie group, the most prominent examples being scale-invariant (, ) and translational-invariant () systems, the latter comprising linear systems with transfer function zeros at the origin. Here, we derive a necessary and sufficient normal form for invariant systems and, by analyzing this normal form, provide a complete characterization of the mechanism by which invariance can be achieved. In this normal form, all invariant systems (i) estimate the applied input transformation by means of an integral feedback, and (ii) then apply the inverse of this estimate to the input before processing it in any other way. We demonstrate our results based on three examples: a scale-invariant “feed-forward loop”, a bistable switch, and a system resembling the core of the mammalian circadian network. KW - Invariant systems KW - Normal form KW - Adaptive systems KW - Transmission zeros Y1 - VL - 140 IS - June 2022 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Wala, Thomas A1 - Salmen, Christine T1 - Entrepreneurship Education and Innovation Transfer Through Student Practice Projects T2 - Mobility for Smart Cities and Regional Development - Challenges for Higher Education. ICL 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol. 390 N2 - Entrepreneurs keep the economy and society going by implementing new ideas. Entrepreneurship competencies such as creativity, risk tolerance or perseverance do not only emerge in professional life, but are already developed in early phases of socialization. Entrepreneurship education with its strongly action-oriented teaching and learning formats plays a triggering and process-reinforcing role in this respect. However, the competencies acquired through entrepreneurship education are also increasingly important for successful action in dependent employment. This article first shows that the goals and means of Entrepreneurship Education harmonize with the high practical relevance of teaching required by the Austrian Universities of Applied Sciences Act. Against this background, a concrete example of implementation is used to illustrate how the curricular anchoring of a student project in an engineering course can promote not only the practical relevance of teaching, but also the teaching of entrepreneurial competencies and the transfer of innovation between the university and industry. KW - Entrepreneurship education KW - Student practice projects KW - Knowledge transfer KW - University teaching Y1 - 2022 SN - 978-3-030-93906-9 SP - 858 EP - 868 PB - Springer CY - Cham ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wala, Thomas T1 - Fitness im Büro mit Active Workplace Design JF - Wirtschaft und Management : Schriftenreihe zur wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Forschung und Praxis N2 - Wissensarbeiter:innen verbringen den überwiegenden Teil ihrer Arbeitszeit sitzend vor dem Computer. Die negativen Folgen von langem Sitzen für die Gesundheit sind bekannt: Zu langes Sitzen bedingt einen niedrigen Kalorienverbrauch, der Stoffwechsel und das Herz-Kreislaufsystem laufen auf Sparflamme. Entsprechend steigt das Risiko für Übergewicht, Diabetes, Bandscheibenvorfall und Herz-Kreislauf- Erkrankungen. Unter den Folgen von langem Sitzen leiden aber nicht nur die betroffenen Mitarbeiter:innen selbst, sondern auch deren Arbeitgeber:innen, weil Mitarbeiter:innen mit einem auf Bewegungsmangel zurückzuführenden reduzierten physischen und psychischen Wohlbefinden weniger produktiv und kreativ arbeiten bzw. aufgrund von Erkrankungen erst gar nicht arbeiten können. Der vorliegende Beitrag zeigt auf, wie Unternehmen durch das Setzen sanfter Bewegungszwänge, den Einsatz dynamischer Arbeitsstationen sowie die Integration niederschwelliger Fitnessmodule in die Bürolandschaft für mehr körperliche Aktivität im Arbeitsalltag sorgen können. KW - Arbeitsplatz KW - Gesundheitsverhalten KW - Fitness Y1 - IS - 31 SP - 47 EP - 58 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Huber, Albert T1 - Hidden Killing fields, geometric symmetries and black hole mergers JF - Annals of Physics N2 - In the present work, using the recently introduced framework of local geometric deformations, special types of vector fields – so-called hidden Killing vector fields – are constructed, which solve the Killing equation not globally, but only locally, i.e. in local subregions of spacetime. Taking advantage of the fact that the vector fields coincide locally with Killing fields and therefore allow the consideration of integral laws that convert into exact physical conservation laws on local scales, balance laws in dynamical systems without global Killing symmetries are derived that mimic as closely as possible the conservation laws for energy and angular momentum of highly symmetric models. The utility of said balance laws is demonstrated by a concrete geometric example, namely a toy model for the binary merger of two extremal Reissner–Nordström black holes. KW - Hidden Killing KW - Vectors Phantom symmetries KW - Conservation laws Y1 - VL - 434 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Lehner, Martin A1 - Sohm, Kurt T1 - Qualität, didaktische Methodik und Digitalität T2 - Wie Corona die Hochschullehre verändert: Erfahrungen und Gedanken aus der Krise zum zukünftigen Einsatz von eLearning KW - Hochschuldidaktik KW - Digitalität KW - Qualität Y1 - 2022 SP - 339 EP - 350 PB - Springer Gabler ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wala, Thomas T1 - Die betriebswirtschaftliche Klausur: Rechnungswesen und Controlling JF - WISU KW - Rechnungswesen KW - Controlling Y1 - 2022 VL - 2 SP - 198 EP - 200 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wala, Thomas T1 - Die betriebswirtschaftliche Klausur: Kostenmanagement. JF - WISU KW - Kostenmanagement Y1 - 2022 IS - 6 SP - 686 EP - 688 ER - TY - BOOK A1 - Wala, Thomas A1 - Haslehner, Franz A1 - Hirsch, Manuela T1 - Kostenrechnung, Budgetierung und Kostenmanagement KW - Kostenrechnung KW - Kostenmanagement Y1 - SN - 9783714303117 PB - Linde CY - Wien ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hagauer, Josef A1 - Matlschweiger, Ulrich A1 - Tippelreither, Christian A1 - Lutz, Markus A1 - Hribernig, Thomas A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - Controlling Metal Fires through Cellulose Flake Blanketing Followed by Water Spray Cooling JF - Fire N2 - The traditional methods of fighting metal fires are not always safe for firefighters. The sand and salts that are thrown onto the fire to suffocate the flames can lead to splashes of molten metal, putting the firefighters and the surroundings at risk. A novel process is described where magnesium fires are brought under control using a simple two-step process. First, coated cellulose flakes, which contain approx. 30% inorganic salts, are blown onto the fire from a distance of several meters. Due to its low bulk density, the material settles smoothly on the fire and immediately covers the flames for several seconds. Before the hot metal can break through this cover, a fine water spray is applied to the fire. The water spray wets the top layer of the cellulose flakes, which will begin to char from the bottom. The water evaporates from within the cellulose flake layer and withdraws heat. It was observed that no hydrogen is formed and that this technique can safely control fires. It is judged that 90 kg of flakes could safely bring a pile of 75 kg of burning Mg flakes under control. By using a pneumatic conveying unit for the flakes, firefighters can effectively and efficiently cover the flames from a safe distance. This novel method could be recommended to firefighters in industrial magnesium processing plants, as well as local firefighters in the vicinity of such plants. KW - magnesium fire KW - metal fire KW - suffocation Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire5030083 VL - 5 IS - 3 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tabakovic, Momir A1 - Csapo, Csilla T1 - Industry – University cooperation in the renewable energy field in south Africa- Gap analysis and enhancement proposals T2 - UNITO conference, Webinar, Universities of Tomorrow: Global, Interdisciplinary, Digitized, Sustainable, HTWG Konstanz KW - Renewable Energies Y1 - ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Valckenborg, Roland A1 - Berger, Karl A. A1 - Újvári, Gusztáv A1 - Eder, Gabriele C. A1 - Gaisberger, Lukas A1 - Tabakovic, Momir A1 - Polo Lopez, Christina S. A1 - Boddaert, Simon A1 - del Buono, Matteo A1 - Martín Chivelet, Nuria A1 - Sanz Martinez, Asier A1 - Kim, Jun-Tae A1 - Gerd Imenes, Anne T1 - COMPARISON OF IEC 61853-1 MATRIX EVALUATIONS BASED ON INDOOR AND OUTDOOR MEASUREMENT DATA FROM PVPS TASK 15 BIPV ROUND-ROBIN T2 - 38th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference Proceedings, September 6-10, 2021 KW - Measurement Y1 - ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Braun, Robert A1 - Lee, Barbara A1 - Rohatsch, Lukas T1 - Governance challenges of urban dataspace - transdisciplinary perspectives T2 - Extended Abstracts EU-SPRI Conference 2022 KW - Urban Data Space KW - Mobility KW - Governance Y1 - SP - 105 EP - 107 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Rohatsch, Lukas T1 - Technical perspective of Data Spaces KW - Data Spaces KW - FIWARE KW - iSHARE KW - i4TRUST KW - nGAIA-X Y1 - ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Schwaiger, Simon A1 - Aburaia, Mohamed A1 - Aburaia, Ali A1 - Wöber, Wilfried T1 - Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Robot Arm Control T2 - Proceedings of the 32nd International DAAAM Virtual Symposium `Intelligent Manufacturing & Automation`, 28-29th October 2021, Vienna KW - Artificial Intelligence KW - Machine Learning Y1 - VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 0640 EP - 0647 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lackner, Maximilian A1 - Lutz, Markus A1 - Hribernig, Thomas T1 - Neuartiges Verfahren zum Löschen von Metallbränden mit Zelluloseflakes JF - Feuerwehr Fachjournal KW - Extinguisher KW - Cellulose Y1 - IS - September 2021 SP - 54 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Abdank, Moritz A1 - Aburaia, Mohamed A1 - Wöber, Wilfried T1 - Using-Colour-Based Object Detection for Pick and Place Applications T2 - Proceedings of the 32nd International DAAAM Virtual Symposium 'Intelligent Manufacturing & Automation', 28-29th October 2021, Vienna KW - Computer Vision KW - Object Detection KW - ROS Y1 - VL - 32 IS - 1 SP - 0536 EP - 0541 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Rauh, Sebastian A1 - Orsolits, Horst T1 - Perspectives on Virtual Reality in Higher Education for Robotics and Related Engineering Disciplines T2 - Robotics in Education (International Conference on Robotics in Education) N2 - Industrial engineering education has a strong focus on and affinity towards technology. While Virtual Reality hardware and applications advance and learning behaviour changes, it is particularly interesting to determine the possible use of Virtual Reality for teaching engineering subjects, for example fundamentals of robotics. This paper presents a study which examines the possible use of Virtual Reality learning environments at higher learning institutions. The study shows perspectives of students and lecturers and identifies opportunities and challenges for the use of Virtual Reality in industrial engineering education. The results of the indicated study show that the participants have a positive attitude towards Virtual Reality and strong motivation for in class use. The study results also suggest, that Virtual Reality content creation should be included in engineering curricula. KW - Virtual reality KW - Industrial engineering education KW - User study KW - The state of virtual reality Y1 - SN - 978-3-031-12848-6 SP - 39 EP - 51 PB - Springer ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Chirita, Cristian A1 - Tabakovic, Momir T1 - Optimization of a simulation for thermoelectric generators and their application in water boiler systems with combustion chamber T2 - X International Conference Industrial Engineering and Environmental Protection KW - Generators KW - Renewable Energy Y1 - SP - 143 EP - 151 ER - TY - RPRT A1 - Orsolits, Horst A1 - Korn, Alexander T1 - Augmented Reality basierte Robotik-Lehre N2 - Diese Arbeit beschreibt eine Augmented Reality (AR) Applikation für den Einsatz in der Hochschullehre zum Thema Industrierobotik. Ziel ist es, sowohl das Lehren als auch das Lernen grundlegender Robotik-Inhalte durch die Bereitstellung einer interaktiven Methode zur Vermittlung der Lehrinhalte für Studierende zu verbessern. Die Studierenden sind in der Lage, direkt mit dem virtuellen Modell eines Industrieroboters zu interagieren und so selbstgesteuert die Lerninhalte zu vertiefen. Diese interaktive Methode verbindet die Studierenden direkt mit den Lehrinhalten und fördert das selbsterforschende Lernen. Eine weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeit sieht die Kombination einer Lektorenversion der AR Experience mit der Studierendenversion vor. Der Lektor hat die Möglichkeit, das Modell in AR zu steuern bzw. zu verändern und die Studierenden können auf Ihren Mobilgeräten die Änderungen live in AR mitverfolgen, um so auch im Distance Learning eine Verbindung Lektor – Studierende – Inhalt zusätzlich zu Videokonferenz-Tools herzustellen. KW - Augmented Reality KW - Applikation KW - Robotik KW - Industrieroboter KW - Lehre Y1 - 2022 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Klamert-Schmid, Judith A1 - Traxler, Sabine A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - The Phenomenon Of 'Opportunity Recognition' Among Engineering Student T2 - 24th International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning(ICL2021), 22.-24.September 2021, Dresden KW - Engineering KW - Students Y1 - CY - Dresden ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Klamert-Schmid, Judith A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - Arbeiten und studieren im Homeoffice JF - Alle! Achtung! Das Sicherheitsmagazin der AUVA KW - Home Office Y1 - IS - 10/2021 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Aaliya, Basheer A1 - Sunooj, Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal A1 - Sri Rajkumar, Chillapalli Babu A1 - Navaf, Muhammed A1 - Akhila, Plachikkattu Parambil A1 - Sudheesh, Cherakkathodi A1 - George, Johnsy A1 - Lackner, Maximilian T1 - Effect of Thermal Pretreatments on Phosphorylation of Corypha umbraculifera L. Stem Pith Starch: A Comparative Study Using Dry-Heat, Heat-Moisture and Autoclave Treatments JF - Polymers N2 - Talipot starch, a non-conventional starch source with a high yield (76%) from the stem pith of talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera L.) was subjected to three different thermal treatments (dry-heat, heat-moisture and autoclave treatments) prior to phosphorylation. Upon dual modification of starch with thermal treatments and phosphorylation, the phosphorous content and degree of crosslinking significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) and was confirmed by the increased peak intensity of P=O and P–O–C stretching vibrations compared to phosphorylated talipot starch in the FT-IR spectrum. The highest degree of crosslinking (0.00418) was observed in the autoclave pretreated phosphorylated talipot starch sample. Thermal pretreatment remarkably changed the granule morphology by creating fissures and grooves. The amylose content and relative crystallinity of all phosphorylated talipot starches significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) due to crosslinking by the formation of phosphodiester bonds, reducing the swelling power of dual-modified starches. Among all modified starches, dry-heat pretreated phosphorylated starch gel showed an improved light transmittance value of 28.4%, indicating reduced retrogradation tendency. Pasting and rheological properties represented that the thermal pretreated phosphorylated starch formed stronger gels that improved thermal and shear resistance. Autoclave treatment before phosphorylation of talipot starch showed the highest resistant starch content of 48.08%. KW - Talipot starch KW - Non-conventional starch Y1 - VL - 13 IS - 3855 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Tabakovic, Momir A1 - Würfl, Marlen A1 - Guerra, Eduardo A1 - Gutleder, Miriam T1 - Operating models for PV systems in existing residential building complexes in Vienna – challenges and opportunities T2 - XI International Conference Industrial Engineering and Environmental Protection 2021 (IIZS 2021) N2 - This paper aims to identify challenges and opportunities that are associated with installing PV (Photovoltaic) systems in existing residential building complexes in Vienna. For this purpose, a project-oriented approach was chosen and hence a representative residential building complex in Vienna was chosen and analyzed to demonstrate the challenges that are associated with such projects. Furthermore, a particular focus lies on exploring different operating models that are available when it comes to the execution of such a project. As this paper builds on the rather novel topic of exploring new operating models for installing PV systems on existing residential building complexes in Vienna, many further suggestions for research can be identified that exceed the scope of this paper. KW - Photovoltaics KW - Renewable Energy KW - Urban Areas Y1 - ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Kaufmann, Christian A1 - Wahl, Harald T1 - A Technical Support to Enrich Existing Software Development Courses, with the Additional Topic of Secure Coding T2 - In Proceedings of the iiWAS2021, 23rd International Conference on Information Integration and Web-based Applications & Services, Linz, Austria, November 30 – December 01, 2021 KW - Secure Code KW - Education KW - Secure Software Engineering Y1 - 2021 SP - 519 EP - 524 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Pasteka, Richard A1 - Schöllbauer, Lara Alina A1 - Santos da Costa, Joao Pedro A1 - Kolar, Radim A1 - Forjan, Mathias T1 - Experimental Evaluation of Dry Powder Inhalers During In- and Exhalation Using a Model of the Human Respiratory System (xPULM™) JF - Pharmaceutics N2 - Dry powder inhalers are used by a large number of patients worldwide to treat respiratory diseases. The objective of this work is to experimentally investigate changes in aerosol particle diameter and particle number concentration of pharmaceutical aerosols generated by four dry powder inhalers under realistic inhalation and exhalation conditions. To simulate patients undergoing inhalation therapy, the active respiratory system model (xPULM™) was used. A mechanical upper airway model was developed, manufactured, and introduced as a part of the xPULM™ to represent the human upper respiratory tract with high fidelity. Integration of optical aerosol spectrometry technique into the setup allowed for evaluation of pharmaceutical aerosols. The results show that there is a significant difference (p < 0.05) in mean particle diameter between inhaled and exhaled particles with the majority of the particles depositing in the lung, while particles with the size of (>0.5 μm) are least influenced by deposition mechanisms. The fraction of exhaled particles ranges from 2.13% (HandiHaler®) over 2.94% (BreezHaler®), and 6.22% (Turbohaler®) to 10.24% (Ellipta®). These values are comparable to previously published studies. Furthermore, the mechanical upper airway model increases the resistance of the overall system and acts as a filter for larger particles (>3 μm). In conclusion, the xPULM™ active respiratory system model is a viable option for studying interactions of pharmaceutical aerosols and the respiratory tract regarding applicable deposition mechanisms. The model strives to support the reduction of animal experimentation in aerosol research and provides an alternative to experiments with human subjects. KW - Biomedical Engineering KW - Dry powder inhaler resistance KW - optical aerosol spectrometry KW - mechanical upper airway model KW - inspiratory flow rate Y1 - 2022 VL - 2022 IS - 14/3 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Grasel, Bernhard A1 - Baptista, José A1 - Tragner, Manfred T1 - Supraharmonic and Harmonic Emissions of a Bi-Directional V2G Electric Vehicle Charging Station and Their Impact to the Grid Impedance JF - Energies N2 - Bidirectional electric vehicle supply equipment and charging stations (EVSE) offer new business models and can provide services to the electrical grid. The smart grid lab in Vienna gives unique testing possibilities of future smart grids, as different type of electrical equipment can be operated at a reconstructed, well-known distribution grid. In this work the harmonic and supraharmonic emissions of a bidirectional EVSE are measured according to IEC61000-4-7 and IEC61000-4-30 Ed3 standard as well as the high-frequency grid impedance. In addition, the efficiency and the power factor are determined at various operating points. Although THDi at nominal power (10 kW) is very low and the efficiency and power factor is very high, at low power levels the opposite situation arise. Supraharmonic emissions remain stable independent of the charging/discharging power, and both wideband and narrowband emissions occur. The additional capacitance when connecting the EVSE impacts the high-frequency grid impedance substantially and generates resonance points. KW - power quality KW - V2G KW - supraharmonics Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082920 VL - 15 IS - 8 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wöber, Wilfried A1 - Mehnen, Lars A1 - Curto, Manuel A1 - Dias Tibihika, Papius A1 - Tesfaye, Genanaw A1 - Meimberg, Harald T1 - Investigating Shape Variation Using Generalized Procrustes Analysis and Machine Learning JF - Applied Sciences N2 - Abstract: The biological investigation of a population’s shape diversity using digital images is typi- cally reliant on geometrical morphometrics, which is an approach based on user-defined landmarks. In contrast to this traditional approach, the progress in deep learning has led to numerous applications ranging from specimen identification to object detection. Typically, these models tend to become black boxes, which limits the usage of recent deep learning models for biological applications. However, the progress in explainable artificial intelligence tries to overcome this limitation. This study compares the explanatory power of unsupervised machine learning models to traditional landmark-based approaches for population structure investigation. We apply convolutional autoencoders as well as Gaussian process latent variable models to two Nile tilapia datasets to investigate the latent structure using consensus clustering. The explanatory factors of the machine learning models were extracted and compared to generalized Procrustes analysis. Hypotheses based on the Bayes factor are formulated to test the unambiguity of population diversity unveiled by the machine learning models. The findings show that it is possible to obtain biologically meaningful results relying on unsupervised machine learning. Furthermore we show that the machine learning models unveil latent structures close to the true population clusters. We found that 80% of the true population clusters relying on the convolutional autoencoder are significantly different to the remaining clusters. Similarly, 60% of the true population clusters relying on the Gaussian process latent variable model are significantly different. We conclude that the machine learning models outperform generalized Procrustes analysis, where 16% of the population cluster was found to be significantly different. However, the applied machine learning models still have limited biological explainability. We recommend further in-depth investigations to unveil the explanatory factors in the used model. Keywords: generalized procrustes analysis; machine learning; convolutional autoencoder; Gaussian process latent variable models KW - generalized procrustes analysis KW - machine learning KW - convolutional autoencoder KW - Gaussian process latent variable models Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 12(6), 3158 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Himmelstoß, Felix A1 - Votzi, Helmut T1 - A Floating Double Buck-Boost Converter as Driver for a Permanent Exited DC Machine T2 - Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Electrical Drives & Power Electronics (EDPE 2021), 22.-24. September 2021, Dubrovnik, Croatia KW - DC/DC converter KW - permanent magnet DC machine KW - modeling Y1 - SP - 72 EP - 77 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Shan, Yutong A1 - Reiners, Ansgar A1 - Fabbian, Damian A1 - Marfil, Emilio A1 - Montes, David A1 - Tabernero, Hugo M. A1 - Ribas, Ignasi A1 - Caballero, Jose A. A1 - Quirrenbach, Andreas A1 - Amado, Pedro J. A1 - Aceituno, Jesus A1 - Bejar, Victor J. S. A1 - Cortes-Contreras, Miriam A1 - Dreizler, Stefan A1 - Hatzes, Artie P. A1 - Henning, Thomas A1 - Jeffers, Sandra V. A1 - Kaminski, Adrian A1 - Kurster, Martin A1 - Lafarga, Marina A1 - Morales, Juan Carlos A1 - Nagel, Evangelos A1 - Palle, Enric A1 - Passegger, Vera M. A1 - Lopez, Cristina Rodriguez A1 - Schweitzer, Andreas A1 - Zechmeister, Mathias T1 - The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs Not-so-fine hyperfine-split vanadium lines in cool star spectra JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics KW - Atomic data KW - Low-mass stars Y1 - VL - 654 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Zhang, Hang A1 - Yao, Yuan A1 - Ma, Yingxin A1 - Lackner, Maximilian A1 - Jiang, Yunliang T1 - A 3D printing tool-path generation strategy based on the partition of principal stress field for fused filament fabrication JF - The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology N2 - In order to enhance the strength of 3D-printed parts made of polymer materials and reduce the anisotropy caused by the fused filament fabrication process, this paper proposes an inter-layer interleaved composite path planning method based on the directional partition of the principal stress field. This method not only ensures intra-layer reinforcement under specific working conditions but also increases the strength of the printed part by enhancing the adhesion of adjacent layers through staggered filling between layers. The mechanical performance is improved by 10 to 30% compared to other conventional filling patterns such as the zigzag filling algorithm. Inter-layer interleaved composite enhancement path planning method is suitable for path planning of structures with complex shapes and is easily integrated into existing general computer-aided engineering processes. KW - Principal stress field KW - Anisotropy strength KW - Clustering Y1 - IS - 122 SP - 1719 EP - 1735 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yalcin, Faruk A1 - Himmelstoß, Felix T1 - Boost Converter based 3-phase AC-AC Active Tracking Voltage Regulator Controlled by a Robust Hybrid Control Method JF - Sakarya University Journal of Science KW - AC-AC regulator KW - active tracking KW - boost converter KW - three-phase KW - THD Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 26(1) SP - 24 EP - 37 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Widhalm, Dominik A1 - Goeschka, Karl M. A1 - Kastner, Wolfgang T1 - Undervolting on wireless sensor nodes: a critical perspective T2 - Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Distributed Computing and Networking (ICDCN 2022), 4-7 January 2022, Delhi, India KW - wireless sensor network KW - wireless sensor node KW - undervolting KW - energy efficiency KW - faults Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1145/3491003.3491018 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Johannes, Hackethal A1 - Weihs, Anna A1 - Karner, Lisa A1 - Metzger, Magdalena A1 - Dungel, Peter A1 - Hennerbichler, Simone A1 - Redl, Heinz A1 - Teuschl-Woller, Andreas Herbert T1 - Novel Human Placenta-Based Extract for Vascularization Strategies in Tissue Engineering JF - Tissue Eng Part C Methods N2 - There is critical unmet need for new vascularized tissues to support or replace injured tissues and organs. Various synthetic and natural materials were already established for use of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) in vitro neovascularization assays, however, they still cannot mimic the complex functions of the sum of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in native intact tissue. Currently, this issue is only addressed by artificial products such as Matrigel™, which comprises a complex mixture of ECM proteins, extracted from animal tumor tissue. Despite its outstanding bioactivity, the isolation from tumor tissue hinders its translation into clinical applications. Since nonhuman ECM proteins may cause immune reactions, as are frequently observed in clinical trials, human ECM proteins represent the best option when aiming for clinical applications. Here, we describe an effective method of isolating a human placenta substrate (hpS) that induces the spontaneous formation of an interconnected network of green fluorescence-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells (gfpHUVECs) in vitro. The substrate was biochemically characterized by using a combination of bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay, DNA, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content assays, sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis and Western blot, angiogenesis arrays, chromatographic thrombin detection, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based amino acid quantification analysis, and assessment of antimicrobial properties. 2D in vitro cell culture experiments have been performed to determine the vasculogenic potential of hpS, which demonstrated that cell networks developed on hpS show a significantly higher degree of complexity (number of tubules/junctions; total/mean tube length) when compared with Matrigel. As 3D cell culture techniques represent a more accurate representation of the in vivo condition, the substrate was 3D solidified using various natural polymers. 3D in vitro vasculogenesis assays have been performed by seeding gfpHUVECs in an hpS-fibrinogen clot. In conclusion, hpS provides a potent human/material-based alternative to xenogenic-material-based biomaterials for vascularization strategies in tissue engineering. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Biomaterials KW - HUVEC KW - Acellular biological matrices KW - Angiogenesis and vasculogenesis Y1 - VL - 27 IS - 11 SP - 616 EP - 632 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Cubas Armas, Melania A1 - Fabbian, Damian T1 - Do MURaM and STAGGER Simulations of Solar Faculae Match Observational Signatures from Magnetic Structures? JF - The Astrophysical Journal N2 - We compare results of simulations of solar facular-like conditions performed using the numerical codes MURaM and STAGGER. Both simulation sets have a similar setup, including the initial condition of ≈200 G vertical magnetic flux. After interpolating the output physical quantities to constant optical depth, we compare them and test them against inversion results from solar observations. From the snapshots, we compute the monochromatic continuum in the visible and infrared, and the full Stokes vector of the Fe i spectral line pair around 6301–6302 Å. We compare the predicted spectral lines (at the simulation resolution and after smearing to the HINODE SP/SOT resolution) in terms of their main parameters for the Stokes I line profiles, and of their area and amplitude asymmetry for the Stokes V profiles. The codes produce magnetoconvection with similar appearance and distribution in temperature and velocity. The results also closely match the values from recent relevant solar observations. Although the overall distribution of the magnetic field is similar in both radiation-magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulation sets, a detailed analysis reveals substantial disagreement in the field orientation, which we attribute to the differing boundary conditions. The resulting differences in the synthetic spectra disappear after spatial smearing to the resolution of the observations. We conclude that the two sets of simulations provide robust models of solar faculae. Nevertheless, we also find differences that call for caution when using results from RMHD simulations to interpret solar observational data. KW - Magnetohydrodynamics KW - Magnetohydrodynamical simulations KW - Radiative transfer KW - Active sun KW - Solar magnetic fields Y1 - VL - 923 IS - 2 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Heinzel, Johannes Christoph A1 - Oberhauser, Viola A1 - Keibl, Claudia A1 - Schädl, Barbara A1 - Swiadek, Nicole V. A1 - Längle, Gregor A1 - Frick, Helen A1 - Slezak, Cyrill A1 - Prahm, Cosima A1 - Grillari, Johannes A1 - Kolbenschlag, Jonas A1 - Hercher, David T1 - ESWT Diminishes Axonal Regeneration following Repair of the Rat Median Nerve with Muscle-In-Vein Conduits but Not after Autologous Nerve Grafting JF - Biomedicines N2 - Investigations reporting positive effects of extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) on nerve regeneration are limited to the rat sciatic nerve model. The effects of ESWT on muscle-in-vein conduits (MVCs) have also not been investigated yet. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ESWT after repair of the rat median nerve with either autografts (ANGs) or MVCs. In male Lewis rats, a 7 mm segment of the right median nerve was reconstructed either with an ANG or an MVC. For each reconstructive technique, one group of animals received one application of ESWT while the other rats served as controls. The animals were observed for 12 weeks, and nerve regeneration was assessed using computerized gait analysis, the grasping test, electrophysiological evaluations and histological quantification of axons, blood vessels and lymphatic vasculature. Here, we provide for the first time a comprehensive analysis of ESWT effects on nerve regeneration in a rat model of median nerve injury. Furthermore, this study is among the first reporting the quantification of lymphatic vessels following peripheral nerve injury and reconstruction in vivo. While we found no significant direct positive effects of ESWT on peripheral nerve regeneration, results following nerve repair with MVCs were significantly inferior to those after ANG repair. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Muscle-In-Vein Conduits KW - Axonal Regeneration KW - Autologous Nerve Grafting Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 10(8) SP - 1777 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Widhalm, Dominik A1 - Goeschka, Karl M. A1 - Kastner, Wolfgang T1 - Node-level indicators of soft faults in wireless sensor networks T2 - Proceedings of the 40th International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS 2021), 20-23 September 2021, Chicago, USA KW - wireless sensor network KW - wireless sensor node KW - soft faults KW - fault tolerance Y1 - SP - 13 EP - 22 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Himmelstoß, Felix T1 - Improved positive output voltage super-lift Boost converter JF - WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on POWER SYSTEMS KW - DC/DC converter KW - feedforward control KW - boost converter KW - simulation Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - Vol. 17 SP - 68 EP - 75 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Strohmeier, Karin A1 - Hofmann, Martina A1 - Jacak, Jaroslaw A1 - Narzt, Marie-Sophie A1 - Wahlmueller, Marlene A1 - Mairhofer, Mario A1 - Schädl, Barbara A1 - Holnthoner, Wolfgang A1 - Barsch, Martin A1 - Sandhofer, Matthias A1 - Wolbank, Susanne A1 - Priglinger, Eleni T1 - Multi-Level Analysis of Adipose Tissue Reveals the Relevance of Perivascular Subpopulations and an Increased Endothelial Permeability in Early-Stage Lipedema JF - Biomedicines N2 - Lipedema is a chronic, progressive disease of adipose tissue with unknown etiology. Based on the relevance of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell population in lipedema, we performed a thorough characterization of subcutaneous adipose tissue, SVF isolated thereof and the sorted populations of endothelial cells (EC), pericytes and cultured adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASC) of early-stage lipedema patients. We employed histological and gene expression analysis and investigated the endothelial barrier by immunofluorescence and analysis of endothelial permeability in vitro. Although there were no significant differences in histological stainings, we found altered gene expression of factors relevant for local estrogen metabolism (aromatase), preadipocyte commitment (ZNF423) and immune cell infiltration (CD11c) in lipedema on the tissue level, as well as in distinct cellular subpopulations. Machine learning analysis of immunofluorescence images of CD31 and ZO-1 revealed a morphological difference in the cellular junctions of EC cultures derived from healthy and lipedema individuals. Furthermore, the secretome of lipedema-derived SVF cells was sufficient to significantly increase leakiness of healthy human primary EC, which was also reflected by decreased mRNA expression of VE-cadherin. Here, we showed for the first time that the secretome of SVF cells creates an environment that triggers endothelial barrier dysfunction in early-stage lipedema. Moreover, since alterations in gene expression were detected on the cellular and/or tissue level, the choice of sample material is of high importance in elucidating this complex disease. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Adipose Tissue KW - Lipedema KW - Endothelial Cells Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 10(5) SP - 1163 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Trisko, Johanna A1 - Fleck, Johanna A1 - Kau, Silvio A1 - Oesterreicher, Johannes A1 - Holnthoner, Wolfgang T1 - Lymphatic and Blood Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles: A Story Yet to Be Written JF - Life N2 - Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are cell-derived, lipid bilayer-enclosed particles mediating intercellular communication and are therefore vital for transmitting a plethora of biological signals. The vascular endothelium substantially contributes to the circulating particulate secretome, targeting important signaling pathways that affect blood cells and regulate adaptation and plasticity of endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. Different molecular signatures and functional properties of endothelial cells reflect their heterogeneity among different vascular beds and drive current research to understand varying physiological and pathological effects of blood and lymphatic endothelial EVs. Endothelial EVs have been linked to the development and progression of various vascular diseases, thus having the potential to serve as biomarkers and clinical treatment targets. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the human vasculature, the biology of extracellular vesicles, and the current knowledge of endothelium-derived EVs, including their potential role as biomarkers in disease development. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Endothelial Cells KW - vascularization KW - extracellular vesicles KW - lymphatic endothelial cells Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 12(5) SP - 654 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Sayer, Simon A1 - Zandrini, Tommaso A1 - Markovic, Marica A1 - Van Hoorick, Jasper A1 - Van Vlierberghe, Sandra A1 - Baudis, Stefan A1 - Holnthoner, Wolfgang A1 - Ovsianikov, Aleksandr T1 - Guiding cell migration in 3D with high-resolution photografting JF - Scientific Reports N2 - Multi-photon lithography (MPL) has proven to be a suitable tool to precisely control the microenvironment of cells in terms of the biochemical and biophysical properties of the hydrogel matrix. In this work, we present a novel method, based on multi-photon photografting of 4,4′-diazido-2,2′-stilbenedisulfonic acid (DSSA), and its capabilities to induce cell alignment, directional cell migration and endothelial sprouting in a gelatin-based hydrogel matrix. DSSA-photografting allows for the fabrication of complex patterns at a high-resolution and is a biocompatible, universally applicable and straightforward process that is comparably fast. We have demonstrated the preferential orientation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) in response to a photografted pattern. Co-culture spheroids of hASCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) have been utilized to study the directional migration of hASCs into the modified regions. Subsequently, we have highlighted the dependence of endothelial sprouting on the presence of hASCs and demonstrated the potential of photografting to control the direction of the sprouts. MPL-induced DSSA-photografting has been established as a promising method to selectively alter the microenvironment of cells. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Cell migration KW - photografting Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 12(1), 10196 SP - 8626 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Himmelstoß, Felix A1 - Jungmayer, Michael T1 - A Family of Modified Converters with Limited Duty Cycle T2 - Proceedings of the 2021 International Aegean Conference on Electrical Machines and Power Electronics (ACEMP) & 2021 International Conference on Optimization of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (OPTIM), 2.-3. September 2021, Brasov, Rumania KW - modified converters KW - DC/DC converters KW - AC/DC converters Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/OPTIM-ACEMP50812.2021.9590064 SP - 246 EP - 253 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Widhalm, Dominik A1 - Goeschka, Karl M. A1 - Kastner, Wolfgang T1 - An open-source wireless sensor node platform with active node-level reliability for monitoring applications JF - Sensors KW - sensor node KW - fault diagnosis KW - energy-efficiency KW - wireless sensor network Y1 - VL - 2021 IS - Volume 21, Issue 22, Article-No. 7613 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Himmelstoß, Felix T1 - Virtual Laboratory: Switching of A Nearly Resistive Load JF - International Journal of Education and Learning Systems KW - virtual laboratory KW - inductive load KW - parasitic inductance KW - switching KW - overvoltage Y1 - VL - 2021 IS - Vol. 6 SP - 13 EP - 19 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Hromada, Carina A1 - Hartmann, Jaana A1 - Oesterreicher, Johannes A1 - Stoiber, Anton A1 - Daerr, Anna A1 - Schädl, Barbara A1 - Priglinger, Eleni A1 - Teuschl-Woller, Andreas H. A1 - Holnthoner, Wolfgang A1 - Heinzel, Johannes Christoph A1 - Hercher, David T1 - Occurrence of Lymphangiogenesis in Peripheral Nerve Autografts Contrasts Schwann Cell-Induced Apoptosis of Lymphatic Endothelial Cells In Vitro JF - Biomolecules N2 - Peripheral nerve injuries pose a major clinical concern world-wide, and functional recovery after segmental peripheral nerve injury is often unsatisfactory, even in cases of autografting. Although it is well established that angiogenesis plays a pivotal role during nerve regeneration, the influence of lymphangiogenesis is strongly under-investigated. In this study, we analyzed the presence of lymphatic vasculature in healthy and regenerated murine peripheral nerves, revealing that nerve autografts contained increased numbers of lymphatic vessels after segmental damage. This led us to elucidate the interaction between lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) and Schwann cells (SCs) in vitro. We show that SC and LEC secretomes did not influence the respective other cell types' migration and proliferation in 2D scratch assay experiments. Furthermore, we successfully created lymphatic microvascular structures in SC-embedded 3D fibrin hydrogels, in the presence of supporting cells; whereas SCs seemed to exert anti-lymphangiogenic effects when cultured with LECs alone. Here, we describe, for the first time, increased lymphangiogenesis after peripheral nerve injury and repair. Furthermore, our findings indicate a potential lymph-repellent property of SCs, thereby providing a possible explanation for the lack of lymphatic vessels in the healthy endoneurium. Our results highlight the importance of elucidating the molecular mechanisms of SC-LEC interaction. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - peripheral nerve regeneration KW - lymphangiogenesis KW - Schwann cells KW - lymphatic endothelial cells Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 12, 6 SP - 820 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Lauer, Henrik A1 - Prahm, Cosima A1 - Thiel, Johannes Tobias A1 - Kolbenschlag, Jonas A1 - Daigeler, Adrien A1 - Hercher, David A1 - Heinzel, Johannes Christoph T1 - The Grasping Test Revisited: A Systematic Review of Functional Recovery in Rat Models of Median Nerve Injury JF - Biomedicines N2 - The rat median nerve model is a well-established and frequently used model for peripheral nerve injury and repair. The grasping test is the gold-standard to evaluate functional recovery in this model. However, no comprehensive review exists to summarize the course of functional recovery in regard to the lesion type. According to PRISMA-guidelines, research was performed, including the databases PubMed and Web of Science. Groups were: (1) crush injury, (2) transection with end-to-end or with (3) end-to-side coaptation and (4) isogenic or acellular allogenic grafting. Total and respective number, as well as rat strain, type of nerve defect, length of isogenic or acellular allogenic allografts, time at first signs of motor recovery (FSR) and maximal recovery grasping strength (MRGS), were evaluated. In total, 47 articles met the inclusion criteria. Group I showed earliest signs of motor recovery. Slow recovery was observable in group III and in graft length above 25 mm. Isografts recovered faster compared to other grafts. The onset and course of recovery is heavily dependent from the type of nerve injury. The grasping test should be used complementary in addition to other volitional and non-volitional tests. Repetitive examinations should be planned carefully to optimize assessment of valid and reliable data. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - Median Nerve Injury KW - Nerve Regeneration Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 10(8) SP - 1878 ER - TY - THES A1 - Widhalm, Dominik T1 - Sensor Node Fault Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks: An Immune-inspired Approach KW - fault detection KW - sensor node KW - node-level diagnostics KW - wireless sensor network KW - anomaly detection Y1 - ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Widhalm, Dominik A1 - Goeschka, Karl M. A1 - Kastner, Wolfgang T1 - Is Arduino a suitable platform for sensor nodes? T2 - Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society (IECON 2021), 13-16 October 2021, Toronto, Canada KW - Arduino KW - wireless sensor network KW - sensor node KW - energy consumption Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.1109/IECON48115.2021.9589479 PB - IEEE ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Himmelstoß, Felix A1 - Edelmoser, Karl T1 - Virtual three-phase laboratory exercise during pandemic situation JF - WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on ADVANCES in ENGINEERING EDUCATION KW - virtual laboratory KW - three-phase systems KW - phasor diagram KW - neutral line interruption KW - voltage displacement Y1 - VL - 2022 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Himmelstoß, Felix A1 - Votzi, Helmut T1 - Modified d(2-d)/(1-d)2-Converter T2 - Proceedings of the Power Conversion and Intelligent Motion Conference (PCIM) 2022, 10-12 May, 2022 Nurenberg, Germany KW - DC/DC converter KW - quadratic converter KW - modeling Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/doi: 10.30420/565822200 SP - 1446 EP - 1453 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yalcin, Faruk A1 - Himmelstoß, Felix T1 - Single-phase Boost-type Active Tracking AC-AC Voltage Regulator with an Improved Hybrid Control Technique JF - Duzce University Journal of Science and Technology KW - Boost converter KW - AC-AC regulator KW - Single-phase KW - Active tracking Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 10, issue 1 SP - 139 EP - 153 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Wöber, Wilfried A1 - Mehnen, Lars A1 - Sykacek, Peter A1 - Meimberg, Harald T1 - Investigating Explanatory Factors of Machine Learning Models for Plant Classification JF - Plants N2 - Recent progress in machine learning and deep learning has enabled the implementation of plant and crop detection using systematic inspection of the leaf shapes and other morphological characters for identification systems for precision farming. However, the models used for this approach tend to become black-box models, in the sense that it is difficult to trace characters that are the base for the classification. The interpretability is therefore limited and the explanatory factors may not be based on reasonable visible characters. We investigate the explanatory factors of recent machine learning and deep learning models for plant classification tasks. Based on a Daucus carota and a Beta vulgaris image data set, we implement plant classification models and compare those models by their predictive performance as well as explainability. For comparison we implemented a feed forward convolutional neuronal network as a default model. To evaluate the performance, we trained an unsupervised Bayesian Gaussian process latent variable model as well as a convolutional autoencoder for feature extraction and rely on a support vector machine for classification. The explanatory factors of all models were extracted and analyzed. The experiments show, that feed forward convolutional neuronal networks (98.24% and 96.10% mean accuracy) outperforms the Bayesian Gaussian process latent variable pipeline (92.08% and 94.31% mean accuracy) as well as the convolutional autoenceoder pipeline (92.38% and 93.28% mean accuracy) based approaches in terms of classification accuracy, even though not significant for Beta vulgaris images. Additionally, we found that the neuronal network used biological uninterpretable image regions for the plant classification task. In contrast to that, the unsupervised learning models rely on explainable visual characters. We conclude that supervised convolutional neuronal networks must be used carefully to ensure biological interpretability. We recommend unsupervised machine learning, careful feature investigation, and statistical feature analysis for biological applications. View Full-Text Keywords: deep learning; machine learning; plant leaf morphometrics; explainable AI KW - deep learning KW - machine learning KW - plant leaf morphometrics KW - explainable AI Y1 - VL - 2021 IS - 10(12):2674 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Rothbauer, Mario A1 - Byrne, Ruth A. A1 - Schobesberger, Silvia A1 - Olmos Calvo, Isabel A1 - Fischer, Anita A1 - Reihs, Eva I. A1 - Spitz, Sarah A1 - Bachmann, Barbara A1 - Sevelda, Florian A1 - Holinka, Johannes A1 - Holnthoner, Wolfgang A1 - Redl, Heinz A1 - Toegel, Stefan A1 - Windhager, Reinhard A1 - Kiener, Hans P. A1 - Ertl, Peter T1 - Establishment of a human three-dimensional chip-based chondro-synovial coculture joint model for reciprocal cross talk studies in arthritis research JF - Lab on a Chip N2 - Rheumatoid arthritis is characterised by a progressive, intermittent inflammation at the synovial membrane, which ultimately leads to the destruction of the synovial joint. The synovial membrane as the joint capsule's inner layer is lined with fibroblast-like synoviocytes that are the key player supporting persistent arthritis leading to bone erosion and cartilage destruction. While microfluidic models that model molecular aspects of bone erosion between bone-derived cells and synoviocytes have been established, RA's synovial-chondral axis has not yet been realised using a microfluidic 3D model based on human patient in vitro cultures. Consequently, we established a chip-based three-dimensional tissue coculture model that simulates the reciprocal cross talk between individual synovial and chondral organoids. When co-cultivated with synovial organoids, we could demonstrate that chondral organoids induce a higher degree of cartilage physiology and architecture and show differential cytokine response compared to their respective monocultures highlighting the importance of reciprocal tissue-level cross talk in the modelling of arthritic diseases. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - coculture joint model KW - arthritis KW - human three-dimensional chip Y1 - VL - 2021 IS - 21 SP - 4128 EP - 4143 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Yalcin, Faruk A1 - Himmelstoß, Felix T1 - Three-phase Active Tracking AC-AC Voltage Regulator based on Buck Converter with an Efficient Hybrid Control Technique JF - Düzce University Journal of Science & Technology KW - buck converter KW - AC-AC regulator KW - active tracking KW - THD Y1 - VL - 2022 IS - 10 SP - 537 EP - 554 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Dziech, Andrzej A1 - Wassermann, Jakob A1 - Windisch, Michael A1 - Baran, Remigiusz A1 - Zeja, Andrzej A1 - Bogacki, Piotr T1 - A New Approach to Enhance Learning Data Sets for Object Classification T2 - Proceedings of the International Conference on Circuits, Systems, Communications and Computers, Crete, Greece, July 19-22, 2022 KW - poor dataset quality KW - CNN KW - SVT KW - shape descriptor KW - incremental learning Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/CSCC55931.2022.00024 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Fibich, Christian A1 - Horauer, Martin A1 - Obermaisser, Roman T1 - Characterization of Interconnect Fault Effects in SRAM-based FPGAs T2 - Proceedings of the 26th International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS 2023), 3-5 May 2023, Tallinn, Estonia KW - Soft Errors KW - FPGA KW - Interconnect Fault Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS57882.2023.10139343 SP - 65 EP - 68 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Veigl, Christoph A1 - Klaus, Benjamin A1 - Aigner, Benjamin A1 - Wagner, Manuel T1 - Universal Access Panel: A Novel Approach for Accessible Smart Homes and IoT T2 - Computers Helping People with Special Needs / Proceedings of the 18th International Conference ICCHP-AAATE 2022, July 11-15, 2022, Lecco, Italy N2 - Although various standards and guidelines for accessible design exist, many modern digital devices lack even basic accessibility features. In particular, touchscreens without haptic feedback and a highly complex menu navigation impose serious hurdles for many people – especially for people with disabilities and elderly persons. In this work, we present the Universal Access Panel (UAP) for enabling barrier-free access to home appliances and IoT devices. The system offers a novel, radically simple, multimodal user interface consisting of just a few interaction elements for accessing dedicated functions of the connected home. Using established APIs and communication protocols such as HomeConnect or OpenHab, various domestic appliances, consumer products and smart home devices can be controlled from a single, multimodal interaction console. The system has been designed in cooperation with visually impaired accessibility experts and a user study was conducted with people from the target group. The results show a high overall usability of the prototype. KW - Home Appliances KW - Accessibility KW - Multimodal User Interface KW - Smart Homes KW - Internet-of-Things Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08645-8_18 SP - 148 EP - 158 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Henderson, Ben A1 - Slingers, Gitte A1 - Pedrotti, Michele A1 - Pugliese, Giovanni A1 - Malaskova, Michaela A1 - Bryant, Luke A1 - Lomonaco, Tommaso A1 - Ghimenti, Silvia A1 - Moreno, Sergi A1 - Cordell, Rebecca A1 - Harren, Frans J M A1 - Schubert, Jochen A1 - Mayhew, Chris A A1 - Wilde, Michael A1 - Di Francesco, Fabio A1 - Koppen, Gudrun A1 - Beauchamp, Jonathan D A1 - Cristescu, Simona M T1 - The peppermint breath test benchmark for PTR-MS and SIFT-MS JF - Journal of Breath Research N2 - A major challenge for breath research is the lack of standardization in sampling and analysis. To address this, a test that utilizes a standardized intervention and a defined study protocol has been proposed to explore disparities in breath research across different analytical platforms and to provide benchmark values for comparison. Specifically, the Peppermint Experiment involves the targeted analysis in exhaled breath of volatile constituents of peppermint oil after ingestion of the encapsulated oil. Data from the Peppermint Experiment performed by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) and selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) are presented and discussed herein, including the product ions associated with the key peppermint volatiles, namely limonene, α- and β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, menthol, menthone and menthofuran. The breath washout profiles of these compounds from 65 individuals were collected, comprising datasets from five PTR-MS and two SIFT-MS instruments. The washout profiles of these volatiles were evaluated by comparing the log-fold change over time of the product ion intensities associated with each volatile. Benchmark values were calculated from the lower 95% confidence interval of the linear time-to-washout regression analysis for all datasets combined. Benchmark washout values from PTR-MS analysis were 353 min for the sum of monoterpenes and 1,8-cineole (identical product ions), 173 min for menthol, 330 min for menthofuran, and 218 min for menthone; from SIFT-MS analysis values were 228 min for the sum of monoterpenes, 281 min for the sum of monoterpenes and 1,8-cineole, and 370 min for menthone plus 1,8-cineole. Large inter- and intra-dataset variations were observed, whereby the latter suggests that biological variability plays a key role in how the compounds are absorbed, metabolized and excreted from the body via breath. This variability seems large compared to the influence of sampling and analytical procedures, but further investigations are recommended to clarify the effects of these factors. KW - standardization KW - breathomics KW - peppermint KW - benchmark KW - TR-MS Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7163/ac1fcf IS - 15 SP - Artikelnr. 046005 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Friedrich, Robin A1 - Lakic, Nevana A1 - Prähauser, Linda A1 - Schweitzer, Karoline A1 - Olscher, Christoph A1 - Monforte Vila, Xavier A1 - Leitner, Rita A1 - Gepp, Barbara T1 - Effects of Plastic on the Freshwater Snail Biomphalaria Glabrata T2 - SETAC Europe 32nd Annual Meeting in Copenhagen, Denmark from 15 - 19. May 2022 KW - Ecotoxicology KW - Biomphalaria Glabrata Y1 - ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Himmelstoss, Felix T1 - Cascaded control of a Buck converter designed and simulated with the help of LTSpice T2 - 6th International European Congress on Interdisciplinary Scientific Research, Aug. 26-27, 2022, Bukarest, Rumania KW - education KW - power electronics converters KW - Buck converter KW - two-loop control KW - cascade control Y1 - SP - 1086 EP - 1096 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Himmelstoß, Felix T1 - Controller design of a Buck converter with the help of LTSpice T2 - Proceedings of the International Asian Congress of Contemporary Sciences, 27-29 May, 2022, Van, Turkiye KW - DC/DC converter KW - Buck converter KW - feedforward KW - compensation controller KW - simulation Y1 - SP - 195 EP - 202 ER - TY - CHAP A1 - Angel, Nikolaus A1 - Orsolits, Horst A1 - Garcia, Jose T1 - Developing an AR Based Tool for Teaching Motion Analysis on Assembly Tasks T2 - 2022 8th International Conference of the Immersive Learning Research Network (iLRN), 2022 N2 - Engineering education courses look into processes, equipment and people in order to prepare students to tackle problems in their careers. In manufacturing industry, it is important to use virtual manufacturing tools to analyse processes. This includes both equipment and people. Assembly operations can involve human operators. Modular arrangements of predetermined time standards MODAPTS is a predetermined motion time system method used to analyse assembly processes. Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly being used for industrial processes as well as in education. AR application have been used for maintenance training as a useful way to overly digital instructions to a trainee whilst being able to look at a real object. This is potential beneficial for education. This paper presents the evaluation of a prototype to test a predetermined time standards model using an AR application. An evaluation was carried out comparing AR-based instructions in tablet and PC monitor and paper-written instructions. The results of evaluating the prototype encourage their use as an educational tool in engineering courses. KW - Augmented Reality KW - Education Technology KW - Virtual Engineering KW - Assembly Assistance Y1 - SN - 978-1-7348-9952-8 U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/iLRN55037.2022.9815914 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Kupka, Friedrich T1 - On the Potential of the Reynolds Stress Approach to Model Convective Overshooting in Grids of Stellar Evolution Models KW - Convection KW - Turbulence KW - Asteroseismology KW - Stars: evolution Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5572778 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Ashmwe, Mohamed A1 - Posa, Katja A1 - Rührnößl, Alexander A1 - Heinzel, Johannes Christoph A1 - Heimel, Patrick A1 - Mock, Michael A1 - Schädl, Barbara A1 - Keibl, Claudia A1 - Couillard-Despres, Sebastien A1 - Redl, Heinz A1 - Mittermayr, Rainer A1 - Hercher, David T1 - Effects of Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy on Functional Recovery and Circulating miR-375 and miR-382-5p after Subacute and Chronic Spinal Cord Contusion Injury in Rats JF - Biomedicines N2 - Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) can stimulate processes to promote regeneration, including cell proliferation and modulation of inflammation. Specific miRNA expression panels have been established to define correlations with regulatory targets within these pathways. This study aims to investigate the influence of low-energy ESWT-applied within the subacute and chronic phase of SCI (spinal cord injury) on recovery in a rat spinal cord contusion model. Outcomes were evaluated by gait analysis, µCT and histological analysis of spinal cords. A panel of serum-derived miRNAs after SCI and after ESWT was investigated to identify injury-, regeneration- and treatment-associated expression patterns. Rats receiving ESWT showed significant improvement in motor function in both a subacute and a chronic experimental setting. This effect was not reflected in changes in morphology, µCT-parameters or histological markers after ESWT. Expression analysis of various miRNAs, however, revealed changes after SCI and ESWT, with increased miR-375, indicating a neuroprotective effect, and decreased miR-382-5p potentially improving neuroplasticity via its regulatory involvement with BDNF. We were able to demonstrate a functional improvement of ESWT-treated animals after SCI in a subacute and chronic setting. Furthermore, the identification of miR-375 and miR-382-5p could potentially provide new targets for therapeutic intervention in future studies. KW - Tissue Engineering KW - ESWT KW - Spinal Cord Injury Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10071630 VL - 2022 IS - 10(7) SP - 1630 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Romanelli, Pasquale A1 - Bieler, Lara A1 - Heimel, Patrick A1 - Škokić, Siniša A1 - Jakubecova, Dominika A1 - Kreutzer, Christina A1 - Zaunmair, Pia A1 - Smolčić, Tomislav A1 - Benedetti, Bruno A1 - Rohde, Eva A1 - Gimona, Mario A1 - Hercher, David A1 - Dobrivojević Radmilović, Marina A1 - Couillard-Despres, Sebastien T1 - Enhancing Functional Recovery Through Intralesional Application of Extracellular Vesicles in a Rat Model of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury JF - Front Cell Neurosci N2 - Local inflammation plays a pivotal role in the process of secondary damage after spinal cord injury. We recently reported that acute intravenous application of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells dampens the induction of inflammatory processes following traumatic spinal cord injury. However, systemic application of EVs is associated with delayed delivery to the site of injury and the necessity for high doses to reach therapeutic levels locally. To resolve these two constraints, we injected EVs directly at the lesion site acutely after spinal cord injury. We report here that intralesional application of EVs resulted in a more robust improvement of motor recovery, assessed with the BBB score and sub-score, as compared to the intravenous delivery. Moreover, the intralesional application was more potent in reducing inflammation and scarring after spinal cord injury than intravenous administration. Hence, the development of EV-based therapy for spinal cord injury should aim at an early application of vesicles close to the lesion. KW - exosomes KW - inflammation KW - locomotion KW - neuroimaging KW - motor function Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.795008 VL - 15 ER - TY - JOUR A1 - Feichtinger, Xaver A1 - Heimel, Patrick A1 - Tangl, Stefan A1 - Keibl, Claudia A1 - Nürnberger, Sylvia A1 - Schanda, Jakob Emanuel A1 - Hercher, David A1 - Kocijan, Roland A1 - Redl, Heinz A1 - Grillari, Johannes A1 - Fialka, Christian A1 - Mittermayr, Rainer T1 - Improved biomechanics in experimental chronic rotator cuff repair after shockwaves is not reflected by bone microarchitecture JF - PLoS One KW - chronic rotator cuff repair KW - bone microarchitecture Y1 - U6 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262294 VL - 17 IS - 1 ER - TY - GEN A1 - Langer, Sarah A1 - Nemec, Iris A1 - Kollmitzer, Josef A1 - Scherer, Matthias A1 - Martinek, Johannes T1 - Vergleich des decompositionierten und des überlagerten Elektromyogramms zur Analyse der Muskelermüdung N2 - Ziel dieser Studie war das überlagerte Elektromyogramm (ueEMG) und das decompositionierte (dEMG) auf deren Reliabilität und Aussagekraft zu überprüfen. Hierfür vollzogen zehn gesunde männliche Probanden zu drei Testzeitpunkten isometrische Ermüdungsmessungen. Hintergrund Bei der Messung des ueEMG werden die Motor Units Aktionspotentiale (MUAPS) elektrisch überlagert. Physiologische Muskelermüdung zeigt sich hier unter anderem in der Veränderung des Frequenzspektrums und der Signalamplitude. Letzteres steigt bei Ermüdung an, wohingegen die mediane Frequenz (MF) sinkt. Eine weitere Möglichkeit die Muskelermüdung mittels Oberflächen-EMG zu ermitteln ist die Anwendung des dEMGs. Dieses ermöglicht mithilfe einer Mustererkennungssoftware einzelne MUAPS zu erkennen. Studien zeigten, dass aktive Motor Units (MU) bei wiederholten oder anhaltenden submaximalen Kontraktionen als Muskelermüdung ihre Feuerungsrate erhöhen und neue MU rekrutiert werden. Bisher wurden diese Methoden jeweils einzeln betrachtet. Um sicherzustellen welcher Ansatz für klinische Daten geeigneter ist, wurden Datensätze zu beiden Methoden gleichzeitig generiert und hinsichtlich ihrer Aussagekraft und Wiederholbarkeit mit statistischen Mitteln verglichen. KW - Elektromyogramm KW - Rehabilitationstechnik Y1 - 2022 ER -