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Department
Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, can be used as host to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), which are promising bioplastic raw materials. The most important material thereof is polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which can replace the commodity polymer polypropylene (PP) in many applications, yielding a bio-based, biodegradable alternative solution. The advantage from using cyanobacteria to make PHB over the standard fermentation processes, with sugar or other organic (waste)
materials as feedstock, is that the sustainability is better (compare first-generation biofuels with the feed vs. fuel debate), with CO2 being the only carbon source and sunlight being the sole energy source. In this review article, the state of the art of cyanobacterial PHB production and its outlook is discussed. Thirty-seven percent of
dry cell weight of PHB could be obtained in 2018, which is getting close to up to 78% of PHB dry cell weight in heterotrophic microorganisms in fermentation reactors. A good potential for cyanobacterial PHB is seen throughout the literature.
Industrial and institutional floor cleaning today relies on mechanical action combined with chemicals, which is costly and a burden to the environment. There are floor cleaning pads on the market which claim increased service time due to diamond particles contained in the nonwoven materials. In this study, it was investigated whether cleaning results can also be obtained with hard-particle-coated pads using only water. SiC, diamond and Al 2 O 3 were used with particle sizes between 5 and 125 µm. 5 g/m² of hard particles were applied to the pads in epoxy resin. Weight loss from abrasive cleaning in 500 cycles and gloss increase were measured. Diamond and silicon carbide particles were found to work with pure water, without the need for chemical cleaning agents.
In tropical fruits such as durian (Durio zibethinus) and jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus), only one quarter to one third of the fruit is edible. Finding more
ways to industrially use the other components of the fruit can reduce the waste
burned or dumped in landfills. Another fruit tree of interest that can also grow
in Austria is the fig tree (Ficus carica). Currently, the fruits are the main product
of that plant; however, components in the latex of the tree are of interest too.
The latex is known to contain natural rubber, which could potentially be used for
industrial applications. Jackfruit trees also produce latex, which contains natural
rubber. In both cases, the natural rubber has different properties compared to
the conventionally used rubber from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). This
could provide new opportunities in various applications. Therefore, the purpose
of this research is to analyze the properties of the natural rubber obtained from
the jackfruit and fig trees. Additionally, durian fruit also produces a sticky liquid,
so the same experiments were also carried out with durian samples.
The experimental procedure included extraction with acetone and
cyclohexane as well as polymer length determination with gel permeation
chromatography and polymer analysis with differential scanning calorimetry.
The results show that in both jackfruit and fig tree latex, there is natural
rubber of similar polymer length. Durian pulp also contains a polymer; however,
with these experiments, it could not be identified. Further research is required to
identify the durian polymer and to confirm the results of this experiment.
On the surface, the process landscape for fixed income securities trading within most banks has changed only slightly in the past four decades. The value chain remains divided amongst front-, middle-, and back office, with IT in support. Front office negotiates deals with customers and other banks, middle office manages risks and reporting, and back office ensures that payments are made in exchange for a transfer of the bonds that have been traded. Though these processes have gradually migrated to electronic mediums, much of the work in all functional areas remains manual. But the advent of digital technologies, primarily process automation software and data integration in an open software architecture, allows banks to dramatically change how the processes along the value chain are carried out. Repetitive and predictable tasks can be performed by automated software, allowing humans to concentrate on complex activities that require flexibility and discretion. Those tasks that remain in the hands of humans can also be made more efficient by extracting data from software applications along the entire process chain and providing them to the human user at the right point in time in the right system.
Mutual Benefits from Entrepreneurship of Non-business University Graduates for Academia and Founders
(2019)
There is a trend among universities to teach entrepreneurship and support startup initiatives. In this article, the state-ofthe-
art in entrepreneurship higher education and university ecosystems of non-business schools is reviewed, and the example of the University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Austria, and one of its startup show cases, Toolsense, is elaborated to understand critical success factors for non-business graduates as founders. The mutual benefits for universities and founders are discussed. In the case of Toolsense and the University of Applied Sciences, narrow band IoT as brought to the University by the startup. Implications on a universities’ innovation and portfolio management are highlighted. Concerning startups, the importance of growth financing after initial success is elaborated.