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Talipot starch, a non-conventional starch source with a high yield (76%) from the stem pith of talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera L.) was subjected to three different thermal treatments (dry-heat, heat-moisture and autoclave treatments) prior to phosphorylation. Upon dual modification of starch with thermal treatments and phosphorylation, the phosphorous content and degree of crosslinking significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) and was confirmed by the increased peak intensity of P=O and P–O–C stretching vibrations compared to phosphorylated talipot starch in the FT-IR spectrum. The highest degree of crosslinking (0.00418) was observed in the autoclave pretreated phosphorylated talipot starch sample. Thermal pretreatment remarkably changed the granule morphology by creating fissures and grooves. The amylose content and relative crystallinity of all phosphorylated talipot starches significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) due to crosslinking by the formation of phosphodiester bonds, reducing the swelling power of dual-modified starches. Among all modified starches, dry-heat pretreated phosphorylated starch gel showed an improved light transmittance value of 28.4%, indicating reduced retrogradation tendency. Pasting and rheological properties represented that the thermal pretreated phosphorylated starch formed stronger gels that improved thermal and shear resistance. Autoclave treatment before phosphorylation of talipot starch showed the highest resistant starch content of 48.08%.
This paper will present the concepts of the EURYDICE project funded by the Erasmus + program. Within this project the focus on renewable energies with the overall goal to enhance employability. The energy generation landscape in South Africa is undergoing a fundamental transition, as the vision of the energy strategy is
to contribute to an affordable energy for all. This vision will be supported by innovative labs and portals which will be developed within this project.
One of the goals is closing the gap between TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges) studies and diploma study by the definition of industrial experience requirements for University of Technology (UoT) diploma students. This leads to an increased preparedness and “studyability” of UoT diploma students. Industrial stakeholders will be integrated into the process. The project will develop an “Industrial Portal” as a working tool.
To increase industry cooperation in post graduate education “OpenLabs” and “MobileLabs” will be developed within the project. It is intended that industry brings industrial problems into the “Labs”, which will then be solved by the students.
This paper aims to identify challenges and opportunities that are associated with installing PV (Photovoltaic) systems in existing residential building complexes in Vienna. For this purpose, a project-oriented approach was chosen and hence a representative residential building complex in Vienna was chosen and analyzed to demonstrate the challenges that are associated with such projects. Furthermore, a particular focus lies on exploring different operating models that are available when it comes to the execution of such a project. As this paper builds on the rather novel topic of exploring new operating models for installing PV systems on existing residential building complexes in Vienna, many further suggestions for research can be identified that exceed the scope of this paper.
In tropical fruits such as durian (Durio zibethinus) and jackfruit (Artocarpus
heterophyllus), only one quarter to one third of the fruit is edible. Finding more
ways to industrially use the other components of the fruit can reduce the waste
burned or dumped in landfills. Another fruit tree of interest that can also grow
in Austria is the fig tree (Ficus carica). Currently, the fruits are the main product
of that plant; however, components in the latex of the tree are of interest too.
The latex is known to contain natural rubber, which could potentially be used for
industrial applications. Jackfruit trees also produce latex, which contains natural
rubber. In both cases, the natural rubber has different properties compared to
the conventionally used rubber from the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). This
could provide new opportunities in various applications. Therefore, the purpose
of this research is to analyze the properties of the natural rubber obtained from
the jackfruit and fig trees. Additionally, durian fruit also produces a sticky liquid,
so the same experiments were also carried out with durian samples.
The experimental procedure included extraction with acetone and
cyclohexane as well as polymer length determination with gel permeation
chromatography and polymer analysis with differential scanning calorimetry.
The results show that in both jackfruit and fig tree latex, there is natural
rubber of similar polymer length. Durian pulp also contains a polymer; however,
with these experiments, it could not be identified. Further research is required to
identify the durian polymer and to confirm the results of this experiment.
On the surface, the process landscape for fixed income securities trading within most banks has changed only slightly in the past four decades. The value chain remains divided amongst front-, middle-, and back office, with IT in support. Front office negotiates deals with customers and other banks, middle office manages risks and reporting, and back office ensures that payments are made in exchange for a transfer of the bonds that have been traded. Though these processes have gradually migrated to electronic mediums, much of the work in all functional areas remains manual. But the advent of digital technologies, primarily process automation software and data integration in an open software architecture, allows banks to dramatically change how the processes along the value chain are carried out. Repetitive and predictable tasks can be performed by automated software, allowing humans to concentrate on complex activities that require flexibility and discretion. Those tasks that remain in the hands of humans can also be made more efficient by extracting data from software applications along the entire process chain and providing them to the human user at the right point in time in the right system.
Carbon footprint reduction in households using professional services – example of laundry cleaning
(2020)
This work represents the design and performance optimization of pumping aggregate for hydraulic active car
suspension systems. For solving of this task is required wide scope of interdisciplinary knowledge. The software used in
this project was SolidWorks from Dassault Systemes. Using this tool is possible to analyse and optimize the flow of
hydraulic fluid throw the electromotor of pumping aggregate. This papers shows among other, how to set the input
parameters and constraints such as pressure and velocity, how to simulate a rotating flow of cooling fluid inside
intermediate regions between stator and rotor. For approving a required lifetime of pumping aggregate a fatigue analysis
was done and represented above. The verification of simulation model and mandatory validation of simulation results
are made. The conclusions at the end of this work have confirmed the usage of computational fluid dynamic – software
for future researches of pumping aggregates.