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Open Data Workshop
(2023)
ChatGPT – Freund oder Feind?
(2023)
ChatGPT 4.0 – friend or foe?
(2023)
ChatGPT 4.0 – friend or foe?
(2023)
ChatGPT – friend or foe?
(2023)
ChatGPT – Freund oder Feind?
(2023)
MS SPIDOC is a novel sample delivery system designed for single (isolated) particle imaging at X-ray Free-Electron Lasers
that is adaptable towards most large-scale facility beamlines. Biological samples can range from small proteins to MDa
particles. Following nano-electrospray ionization, ionic samples can be m/z-filtered and structurally separated before being
oriented at the interaction zone. Here, we present the simulation package developed alongside this prototype. The first part
describes how the front-to-end ion trajectory simulations have been conducted. Highlighted is a quadrant lens; a simple but
efficient device that steers the ion beam within the vicinity of the strong DC orientation field in the interaction zone to ensure
spatial overlap with the X-rays. The second part focuses on protein orientation and discusses its potential with respect to
diffractive imaging methods. Last, coherent diffractive imaging of prototypical T = 1 and T = 3 norovirus capsids is shown.
We use realistic experimental parameters from the SPB/SFX instrument at the European XFEL to demonstrate that low-
resolution diffractive imaging data (q < 0.3 nm −1 ) can be collected with only a few X-ray pulses. Such low-resolution data
are sufficient to distinguish between both symmetries of the capsids, allowing to probe low abundant species in a beam if
MS SPIDOC is used as sample delivery.
Background
Online symptom checkers are digital health solutions that provide a differential diagnosis based on a user’s symptoms. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, symptom checkers have become increasingly important due to physical distance constraints and reduced access to in-person medical consultations. Furthermore, various symptom checkers specialised in the assessment of COVID-19 infection have been produced.
Objectives
Assess the correlation between COVID-19 risk assessments from an online symptom checker and current trends in COVID-19 infections. Analyse whether those correlations are reflective of various country-wise quality of life measures. Lastly, determine whether the trends found in symptom checker assessments predict or lag relative to those of the COVID-19 infections.
Materials and methods
In this study, we compile the outcomes of COVID-19 risk assessments provided by the symptom checker Symptoma (www.symptoma.com) in 18 countries with suitably large user bases. We analyse this dataset’s spatial and temporal features compared to the number of newly confirmed COVID-19 cases published by the respective countries.
Results
We find an average correlation of 0.342 between the number of Symptoma users assessed to have a high risk of a COVID-19 infection and the official COVID-19 infection numbers. Further, we show a significant relationship between that correlation and the self-reported health of a country. Lastly, we find that the symptom checker is, on average, ahead (median +3 days) of the official infection numbers for most countries.
Conclusion
We show that online symptom checkers can capture the national-level trends in coronavirus infections. As such, they provide a valuable and unique information source in policymaking against pandemics, unrestricted by conventional resources.
We compare results of simulations of solar facular-like conditions performed using the numerical codes MURaM and STAGGER. Both simulation sets have a similar setup, including the initial condition of ≈200 G vertical magnetic flux. After interpolating the output physical quantities to constant optical depth, we compare them and test them against inversion results from solar observations. From the snapshots, we compute the monochromatic continuum in the visible and infrared, and the full Stokes vector of the Fe i spectral line pair around 6301–6302 Å. We compare the predicted spectral lines (at the simulation resolution and after smearing to the HINODE SP/SOT resolution) in terms of their main parameters for the Stokes I line profiles, and of their area and amplitude asymmetry for the Stokes V profiles. The codes produce magnetoconvection with similar appearance and distribution in temperature and velocity. The results also closely match the values from recent relevant solar observations. Although the overall distribution of the magnetic field is similar in both radiation-magnetohydrodynamic (RMHD) simulation sets, a detailed analysis reveals substantial disagreement in the field orientation, which we attribute to the differing boundary conditions. The resulting differences in the synthetic spectra disappear after spatial smearing to the resolution of the observations. We conclude that the two sets of simulations provide robust models of solar faculae. Nevertheless, we also find differences that call for caution when using results from RMHD simulations to interpret solar observational data.