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Cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae, can be used as host to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA), which are promising bioplastic raw materials. The most important material thereof is polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), which can replace the commodity polymer polypropylene (PP) in many applications, yielding a bio-based, biodegradable alternative solution. The advantage from using cyanobacteria to make PHB over the standard fermentation processes, with sugar or other organic (waste)
materials as feedstock, is that the sustainability is better (compare first-generation biofuels with the feed vs. fuel debate), with CO2 being the only carbon source and sunlight being the sole energy source. In this review article, the state of the art of cyanobacterial PHB production and its outlook is discussed. Thirty-seven percent of
dry cell weight of PHB could be obtained in 2018, which is getting close to up to 78% of PHB dry cell weight in heterotrophic microorganisms in fermentation reactors. A good potential for cyanobacterial PHB is seen throughout the literature.
Automatic Stereo Camera Calibration in Real-World Environments without Defined Calibration Objects
(2018)
Decentralized Energy Networks based on Blockchain: Background, Overview and Concept Discussion
(2018)
This paper provides a snapshot of the globally ongoing decentralization of (business) relations in the energy sector. This tendency can be observed in other domains as well and is accompanied by new digital technological developments. Blockchain technology is assigned disruptive potential when it comes to realize those decentralization ideas. This hype about Blockchain is mainly company-driven without a solid academic basis yet. The authors are currently involved in several research efforts for utilizing distributed energy resources like photovoltaic systems, batteries and electric cars for the setup of energy communities and marketplaces. The paper, therefore, presents detailed investigations of background and motivations for decentralization and the building of (local) energy communities and (peer-to-peer) marketplaces for sustainable utilization of renewable energies. An overview of recent related Blockchain-based works is presented, and the current state and feasibility for the realization of the envisioned decentralized solutions are discussed. In this way, the work aimed at contributing to a research-based decision foundation for upcoming Blockchain-based decentralization efforts.
Plant-based food additives in functional foods can improve consumer’s nutrient uptake and promote optimal health effects. Considering the ongoing development of new technologies for extracting bioactive substances the potential pricing of these substances plays a major role in assessing the overall profitability of new technologies. The study therefore assessed potential prices for not yet commercially existing bioactive substances from wood by carrying out a business-to-businesssurvey. Applying the van Westendorp method the study identified a potential price in context of varying product properties like different health claims or increasing purities. The Indifference Price of 101.5 €/kg can be considered as a guide value to assess the overall profitability. The study identified potential price ranges for such products and provided information that can be used for according pricing strategies. © 2014, OGA-Osterreichische Gesellschaft fur Agrarokonomie.
Communication is an important tool in maintaining legitimacy and acceptability of forest sector operations and activities, and expectations by the general public on the forest sector conduct in Europe are in general very high. Despite this, there is scarce research in cross-national contexts on how forest sector sustainability is communicated to the general public and what development areas can be identified in terms of communication content. This study applies a qualitative content analysis in four forestry-rich European countries (Austria, Finland, Germany, and Slovenia). The state of online communication of 61 companies and 19 industry associations was qualitatively analyzed in 2014 with a focus on eight core sustainability topics of interest that were identified via an international forest sector stakeholder feedback process. Our results show some great similarities, but also some interesting differences in terms of communication frequency and weight of hot topics across countries. The most frequently communicated area was economic contribution of forests (in Finland and Austria), followed by debate over forest conservation versus production (Germany) and the concept-added value of wood (in Slovenia). With the exception of Slovenia, the role of forests in combating global warming was emphasized more frequently within industry associations than among individual forest industry companies. Characteristically, current content of sustainability communicatio
n focuses on supplying factual information. Thus, there is a need for developing more targeted and bidirectional forms of stakeholder communication in the future, emphasizing also more active use of social media channels and empowering organizations to promote interactive communication and collaborative learning.
Forest owner associations act as middlemen in the cooperative marketing of timber: they are supplied with small and fluctuating quantities of timber and sell bundled amounts to industrial consumers. Knowledge of the future quantity of monthly dis-tributable timber is of particular importance for planning, but remains a subject of uncertainty. This work presents models to predict wood supply based on a simple database. Models were tested in two case-study regions, which substantially differ
Seite 88 J. List, P. Schwarzbauer, M. Braun, A. Werner, G. Langthaler, T. Sternin framework conditions for timber marketing. In each of the regions in Styria and Burgenland, different model types and subtypes were superior. It was concluded that models which determine timber supply in one forest association, are only restrictedly suitable to predict timber supply in another one.
The overall impression of a glossy surface is an important parameter for consumer’s choice of wooden products. A new gloss parameter, called gloss impression, which calculates a reflexion structure image, was developed in order to complement the measurements made by industrial glossmeters, which are highly limited in describing the visual human perception, for example the commonly used gloss value. The objective of this study is to investigate to what extent the new measurement method of surface gloss is applicable to describe human gloss perception, in other words, to validate the new method. In order to analyse the concordance of the new methodology with human perception, 113 naïve observers had to rank the glossiness of eight series of black and white samples. The results were compared to both gloss impression and gloss value. The statistical evaluation by means of Pearson’s chi-squared tests revealed that the new method has an overall better correspondence to human perception than the gloss value. For black samples, it describes human perception significantly better than the gloss value and gives better results than those which would be achieved by guessing.
A Novel and Automated Circle Pattern Recognition Technique for Infra-Red Stero Camera Calibration
(2013)
Operational Behaviour of SWT
(2018)
Smart City Micro Quarters
(2018)
Mutual Benefits from Entrepreneurship of Non-business University Graduates for Academia and Founders
(2019)
There is a trend among universities to teach entrepreneurship and support startup initiatives. In this article, the state-ofthe-
art in entrepreneurship higher education and university ecosystems of non-business schools is reviewed, and the example of the University of Applied Sciences Technikum Wien, Austria, and one of its startup show cases, Toolsense, is elaborated to understand critical success factors for non-business graduates as founders. The mutual benefits for universities and founders are discussed. In the case of Toolsense and the University of Applied Sciences, narrow band IoT as brought to the University by the startup. Implications on a universities’ innovation and portfolio management are highlighted. Concerning startups, the importance of growth financing after initial success is elaborated.
Eine ressourcenschonende Bewässerung von Nutzpflanzen wird durch
den Klimawandel in den nächsten Jahren immer größere Bedeutung gewinnen. Eine Möglichkeit, das für Pflanzen zur Verfügung stehende Wasserpotential beurteilen zu können, ist die Nutzung von klimatischen Faktoren und Computermodellen. In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung eines auf dem Forschungsprojekt agriOpenLink basierten Softwaresystems zur Abschätzung der Evapotranspiration auf einer landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche beschrieben. Der Fokus dieses Berichts liegt auf dem Softwareframework, welches auf semantischer Technologie basiert und formalisiertes landwirtschaftliches Wissen sowie Computermodelle zur Abschätzung der Evapotranspiration beinhaltet. Es werden erste experimentelle Ergebnisse diskutiert und die semantische Technologie bezüglich praktischer Nutzung evaluiert.
Industrial and institutional floor cleaning today relies on mechanical action combined with chemicals, which is costly and a burden to the environment. There are floor cleaning pads on the market which claim increased service time due to diamond particles contained in the nonwoven materials. In this study, it was investigated whether cleaning results can also be obtained with hard-particle-coated pads using only water. SiC, diamond and Al 2 O 3 were used with particle sizes between 5 and 125 µm. 5 g/m² of hard particles were applied to the pads in epoxy resin. Weight loss from abrasive cleaning in 500 cycles and gloss increase were measured. Diamond and silicon carbide particles were found to work with pure water, without the need for chemical cleaning agents.