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In general, composite materials are difficult to recycle. Tires belong to this class of materials. On top, one of their main constitutents, vulcanized rubber, is as elastomer, which cannot be remolten and hence is particularly challenging to put to a new use. Today, the main end-of-life routes of tires and other rubber products are landfilling, incineration in e.g., cement plants, and grinding to a fine powder, generating huge quantities and indicating a lack of sustainable recycling of this valuable material. True feedstock recycling is not feasible for complex mixtures such as tires, but devulcanization can be done to reactivate the cross-linked polymer for material recycling in novel rubber products. Devulcanization, i.e., the breaking up of sulfur bonds by chemical, thermophysical, or biological means, is a promising route that has been investigated for more than 50 years. This review article presents an update on the state-of-the art in rubber devulcanization. The article addresses established devulcanization technologies and novel processes described in the scientific and patent literatures. On the one hand, tires have become high-tech products, where the simultaneous improvement of wet traction, rolling resistance, and abrasion resistance (the so-called “magic triangle”) is hard to achieve. On the other hand, recycling and sustainable end-of-life uses are becoming more and more important. It is expected that the public discussion of environmental impacts of thermoplastics will soon spill over to thermosets and elastomers. Therefore, the industry needs to develop and market solutions proactively. Every year, approximately 40 million tons of tires are discarded. Through the devulcanization of end-of-life tires (ELT), it is possible to produce new raw materials with good mechanical properties and a superior environmental footprint over virgin products. The devulcanization process has become an interesting technology that is able to support the circular economy concept.
This paper will present the concepts of the EURYDICE project funded by the Erasmus + program. Within this project the focus on renewable energies with the overall goal to enhance employability. The energy generation landscape in South Africa is undergoing a fundamental transition, as the vision of the energy strategy is
to contribute to an affordable energy for all. This vision will be supported by innovative labs and portals which will be developed within this project.
One of the goals is closing the gap between TVET (Technical and Vocational Education and Training Colleges) studies and diploma study by the definition of industrial experience requirements for University of Technology (UoT) diploma students. This leads to an increased preparedness and “studyability” of UoT diploma students. Industrial stakeholders will be integrated into the process. The project will develop an “Industrial Portal” as a working tool.
To increase industry cooperation in post graduate education “OpenLabs” and “MobileLabs” will be developed within the project. It is intended that industry brings industrial problems into the “Labs”, which will then be solved by the students.
After a discussion about the possibilities and status of augmented reality in education, a good
practice example of an augmented reality application is presented. This case study examines the
use of an augmented reality app in higher education to support abstract STEM content, such as
vectors. Based on this example, the implementation of such apps in didactic concepts and self -
directed learning will be discussed. Furthermore, aspects of integration into digital learning and
teaching will be addressed.
Matter-wave interference and deflection of tripeptides decorated with fluorinated alkyl chains
(2020)
In the present work, a theoretical framework focussing on local geometric deformations is introduced in order to cope with the problem of how to join spacetimes with different geometries and physical properties. This framework is used to show that two Lorentzian manifolds can be matched by considering local deformations of the associated spacetime metrics. Based on the fact that metrics can be suitably matched in this way, it is shown that the underlying geometric approach allows the characterization of local spacetimes in general relativity. Furthermore, it is shown that said approach not only extends the conventional thin shell formalism, but also allows the treatment of geometric problems that cannot be treated with standard gluing techniques.
The dynamics of proteins are crucial for their function. However, commonly used techniques for studying protein structures are limited in monitoring time-resolved dynamics at high resolution. Combining electric fields with existing techniques to study gas-phase proteins, such as single particle imaging using free-electron lasers and gas-phase small angle X-ray scattering, has the potential to open up a new era in time-resolved studies of gas-phase protein dynamics. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we identify well-defined unfolding pathways of a protein, induced by experimentally achievable external electric fields. Our simulations show that strong electric fields in conjunction with short-pulsed X-ray sources such as free-electron lasers can be a new path for imaging dynamics of gas-phase proteins at high spatial and temporal resolution.
Usability and user experience are the most critical success factors for software and technical products. Today's users want user-friendly products and are no longer willing to accept a poor user experience.
Therefore, all persons involved in developing software or technical products need basic knowledge of usability and UX. This book prepares you for the Certified Professional for Usability Engineering, User Experience Design Foundation Level (CPUE-FL) exam of the user Experience Quality Certification Center (UXQCC) and ensures exactly this knowledge.
In an exciting yet easy-to-understand way, you will learn the basics of successful usability and UX design. Theory and numerous examples from the authors' practice illustrate the content and create an exciting learning experience.
SoK: A Taxonomy for Anomaly Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks focused on Node-level Techniques
(2020)
Viel Stoff – wenig Zeit
(2020)
Didaktische Reduktion
(2020)
Unternehmensleitbild
(2020)
Carbon footprint reduction in households using professional services – example of laundry cleaning
(2020)
One of the challenges facing single particle imaging with ultrafast X-ray pulses is the structural heterogeneity of the sample to be imaged. For the method to succeed with weakly scattering samples, the diffracted images from a large number of individual proteins need to be averaged. The more the individual proteins differ in structure, the lower the achievable resolution in the final reconstructed image. We use molecular dynamics to simulate two globular proteins in vacuum, fully desolvated as well as with two different solvation layers, at various temperatures. We calculate the diffraction patterns based on the simulations and evaluate the noise in the averaged patterns arising from the structural differences and the surrounding water. Our simulations show that the presence of a minimal water coverage with an average 3 Å thickness will stabilize the protein, reducing the noise associated with structural heterogeneity, whereas additional water will generate more background noise.
Open Data im Unterricht
(2020)