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This paper reports on a field study comparing the interface technologies voice, digital map, and augmented reality in the context of pedestrian navigation. The in situ study was conducted in the city of Salzburg using a self-implemented smartphone application running on Apple’s iPhone 4. The study involved 24 participants between 22 and 66 years with different experiences in using smartphones and navigation systems. Results show that in the context of GPS-enhanced pedestrian navigation digital map and voice-only interfaces lead to significantly better navigation performance and user experience in comparison to an augmented reality interface. The study also reveals similar results for digital map and voice-only interfaces given that voice instructions are carefully composed.
Being able to move around in the community including using different modes of transport is a prerequisite for being able to participate in activities outside home. This can be particular challenging for people with cognitive impairments. Still, research regarding public transport for people with cognitive impairments is scarce. In this narrative review scientific literature focusing on people with cognitive impairments and their needs in public transport, was identified and summarised. All aspects in the travel chain perspective were of interest. Literature search engines Scirus, Elin and Cinahl were used during the search.
Thirty-four articles were included and analysed according to which part of the travel chain they covered in the used model. The results showed that the articles were unevenly allocated to the different parts of the model. Future studies based on real-world experiences are essential, and more user-centred approaches should be adopted. Moreover, there is a need for the development and evaluation of evidence-based rehabilitation. Finally, more research is needed to foster societal awareness of the problems and needs in the public transport of people with cognitive impairments taking the whole travel chain into consideration.
Due to fast development of new technologies in the field of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) a number of new research topics arise, especially in view of vulnerable road users (VRUs). As most developments in the ITS sector are primarily targeting motorised transport with focus on safety and ecological aspects of transport, there is still a lack of both research and development considering VRUs not only as passive element. The VRUITS project, funded by the EC, aims at actively integrating the “human” element into the ITS approach.